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Fats and Fatty Acids

Equine Nutrition AGR 479/564. Fats and Fatty Acids. Why are fats or oils used in equine diets? To increase in energy density Substitute energy for CHO’s However, even more so Improved energetic efficiency Enhanced BC Diminished excitability. Introduction. What are other benefits to fat?

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Fats and Fatty Acids

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  1. Equine Nutrition AGR 479/564 Fats and Fatty Acids

  2. Why are fats or oils used in equine diets? • To increase in energy density • Substitute energy for CHO’s • However, even more so • Improved energetic efficiency • Enhanced BC • Diminished excitability Introduction

  3. What are other benefits to fat? • Carriers for A,D,E, and K • Supply essential fatty acid • Linoleic • α – Linolenic • How are fatty acids designated? • By the number of C atoms they contain • Number of double bonds present INtroduction

  4. Long chain fatty acids contain • 16 to 20 C • Medium chain fatty acids contain • 6 to 10 C • Short Chain or VFA’s • 2 to 5 C • Saturated fatty acids contain how many double bonds? • Zero Introduction

  5. How many double bonds does a monounsaturated fatty acids contain? • One • Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid? • Two or more • How are fatty acids further described? • Position of the first double bond relative to the methyl end of the molecule • Examples: Omega 6 and 3 Fatty Acids Introduction

  6. What type of fatty acid? • Long Chain Saturated Fatty Acid • Stearic Acid Fatty Acids

  7. What type of fatty acid? • Long Chain Monounsaturated Fatty Acid • Oleic Acid Fatty Acids

  8. What type of fatty acid? • Omega 6 or Omega 3? • Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Fatty acids

  9. What type of Fatty Acid? • Omega 6 or Omega 3? • Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid • Omega 3 Fatty Acid • α – Linolenic Fatty Acids

  10. Both animal and vegetable fats have been fed • Vegetable sources have been more commonly fed, Why? • More palatable • Cheaper • What are some examples of vegetable fat that is fed? • Corn Oil – known to be most palatable • Soybean Oil – probably most commonly used • Canola Oil (High in Omega 3’s) • Flax oil (High in Omega 3’s) • Sunflower, Safflower, Coconut, Peanut • Stabilized Rice Bran Sources of Dietary Fat

  11. Examples of Animal Sources: • Fish Oil – menhaden • Higher in Omega 3 FA • Generally less palatable • Beef Fat – no longer used Sources of Dietary Fat

  12. Does added fat decrease fiber digestion • In cattle – yes • In horse – no • Why? • Recent research has found that fiber digestion will not be affected when up to 15% total fat is added to the diet Fat Digestibility

  13. Fat supplementation has found increased stamina in low intensity workouts • This was not true at high intensities • Metabolic change must occur for high fat diets to become effective • 3-5 weeks Metabolic Responses to Exercise

  14. Hypotheses of increased performance due to fat supplementation include: • ↓ metabolic heat • Enhanced stamina due to muscle glycogen sparing • Faster race performance times • Results are controversial • Behavior • Some research has eluded that fat supplementation may reduce excitability Athletic performance

  15. Linoleic Acid and α – Linolenic • Both Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids • Linoleic Acid: Omega 6 Fatty Acid • α – Linolenic: Omega 3 Fatty Acid • Both are essential in the diet • Examples of Fats rich in Omega 6’s include: • Soy, corn, sunflower, safflower • Examples of Fats rich in Omega 3’s include: • Linseed or flax and Fish oil Essential fatty Acids

  16. Soy and canola do also contain α – Linolenic Acid • Fatty Acids in fish are rich in long chain omega 3 FA • Omega 3 and Omega 6 FA can produce • Different structures once in the body • Research has shown that increased omega 3 FA may provide many benefits • Reduced amount of omega 6 FA has shown to reduce inflammatory response Essential fatty Acids

  17. Other Benefits to Omega 3 FA: • ↑ brain function • ↑ heart health • ↑ immune response • Deficiencies of EFAs has not been reported • No adverse effects have been seen from fat supplementation Essential fatty Acids

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