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SONG-YOU HONG, JIMY DUDHIA, SHU-HUA CHEN

A Revised Approach to Ice Microphysical Process for the Bulk Parameterization of Cloud and Precipitation. SONG-YOU HONG, JIMY DUDHIA, SHU-HUA CHEN January2004, JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES VOLUME 103~130. Introduction.

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SONG-YOU HONG, JIMY DUDHIA, SHU-HUA CHEN

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  1. A Revised Approach to Ice Microphysical Process for the Bulk Parameterization of Cloud and Precipitation SONG-YOU HONG, JIMY DUDHIA, SHU-HUA CHEN January2004, JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES VOLUME 103~130

  2. Introduction • CRMs(cloud-resolving models)、CEMs(cumulus ensemble models)跟GCM的合併使用 • LFO83(Lin et al.1983)、RH83(Rutledge and Hobbs) 忽略一些跟number concentration有關的物理條件(溫度、沉降率) • 本篇文章即是介紹更正模式中的物理條件所產生的不同

  3. Modifications of microphysical process introduce to a commonly used bulk cloud scheme • 作者選擇利用WRF Simple ice來修改 • 利用RH83和D98更正模組 • 主要是利用temperature-dependent intercept parameter for snow, cloud-ice-mass-dependent ice number concentration and related changes in ice process

  4. a.Sedimentation of falling ice crystal ρ空氣密度,qI雲冰混和比 D:冰粒子形狀不同中的方程 x,y,α,β都是跟ice crystal在不同形狀下的係數 New velocity-diameter formula HI200(Heymsfiled and Iaquinta)

  5. b.Ice mass, diameter, and number concentration relationship T 是溫度,T0是冰點 Fletcher1962 可以得到在不同冰形狀下係數的不同

  6. 利用上頁公式畫出,三種粒子的粒子數目濃度本篇文章取中位數(single column)來修正模式

  7. 利用single column的粒子數濃度求出來各項的數值

  8. c.Intercept parameter for snow Note : 最大值為2*108(m-4) Houze et al.1979

  9. d.Initiation of cloud ice crystal q為水汽的混合比,qsi為冰的飽和混合比,qI0=NI0MI0/ρ,qI為冰混合比

  10. (a)Ice nuclei number concentration (b)Initial ice crystal amount

  11. e.Vapor deposition of a small ice crystal(PIsd) SI=qSI/q,AI,BI熱力和動力方程

  12. f.Accretion of cloud ice by snow (Pacr) 本篇文章修正了碰撞係數ESI,令它為一個溫度的函數

  13. g.Conversion of ice crystals to snow(PautI) qIcrit(MImaxNI/ρ)為autoconversion 的門檻值

  14. h.Sublimation and deposition grower of snow/evaporation of rain(Pres) 當雨滴蒸發時,代表水汽未達到飽和,但是以冰相粒子而言,有可能已經達到冰的飽和,使得冰晶成長

  15. i.Autoconversion of cloud water to rain (Pautc) qC0代表產生autoconversion的門檻值 Kessler1969 在Tripoli and Cotton 1980(TC80)對參數qC0、α做了物理上的定義

  16. 3. Numerical experiments Two sets of experiments are carried out : • An idealized 2D thunderstorm case • A 3D real-data simulation of a heavy rain event Note : using the simple ice scheme for grid-resolvable, and the KF cumulus parameterization for subgrid scale precipitation process

  17. An idealized 2D thunderstorm case • 2-D domain • 在x方向有201點,間距為250m • 垂直分有80層 • 積分一小時,time step=3s • 初始值,在模式中心有一半徑4km的暖胞,最大溫度擾動為3˚K • 地表風速12ms-1,遞減到2.5km時風速為零 • 為開放邊界,沒有科氏力和摩擦力

  18. 比較Exp4和PLS實 驗的凝結場

  19. 比較在Exp1~Exp4中的average-domain condensate 和降水混合比 Note : 細實線(Exp1)點線(Exp2)虛線(Exp3)粗實線(Exp4)

  20. A 3D real-data simulation of a heavyrain event 目的:利用新的參數模擬降水和上層大氣大尺度系統特徵 時間:25 July 1997(Korea) 降水特徵:在西部有一個降水最大值,在南端也有數個不連續的大降水 大尺度特色:在黃海有一個低壓系統(中緯度氣旋)

  21. The simulation of the real case(setting) • 初始和邊界條件來自NCEP • 利用MM5來加強其高層的探空資料並使得WRF model 方便使用 • 48小時的模擬時間(1200 UTC 23 July 1997) • 水平網格間距45km共80點,中心位於Korea peninsula • 使用Lambert-conformal conic projection • 垂直分23層

  22. 南方高麗半島統計降水,和在300hpa domain-average的溫度 Bias score=the simulation/the observation

  23. Domain-average垂直剖面

  24. 24小時累積降水,左圖為Exp1右圖為Exp2

  25. 南方局部降水,主要因素跟西方降水不同,因為太平洋南方局部降水,主要因素跟西方降水不同,因為太平洋 副熱帶高壓帶來暖濕空氣使得不穩定度提高,所以積雲 參數法在此區域重要 平均1小時累積降水(domain-average)

  26. 垂直積分ice cloud/water混合比(1200UTC 25 July 1997) (a) is Exp1, (b) is Exp4

  27. Exp1~Exp4間的cloud/ice water的濃度、300hpa平均溫度

  28. Exp1(實線) • NORA=no radiation(點線) • NOSW=no short wave radiation(點虛線) • NOLW=no long wave radiation(長虛線) 都是利用Exp1的條件並關掉各個參數

  29. Concluding Ideal case 1) 降水和雲的模擬在雲微物理過程比冰晶沉降作用敏感 2) 冰晶沉降造成了anvil的減少,在暖區的雪增加 3) 可以產生類似有graupel的雲結構產生 In heavy rain fall 1) 雲微物理和沉降作用改善了雲和溫度的模擬(沉降作用重要) 2)模式可以在較冷的環境下產生較少的冰晶(接近觀測) 3)地表降水和300hpa平均溫度的改善影響了輻射的回饋作用

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