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Chapter 21 Section 4

Chapter 21 Section 4. The End of the Great War. 1917. US enters war in April Russian Revolution from March until Nov. Lenin signs treaty with Central Powers Allies launch a disastrous offensive. Germany’s Last Bid for Victory. March 1918 – 1 million Germans launch an offensive

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Chapter 21 Section 4

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  1. Chapter 21 Section 4 The End of the Great War

  2. 1917 • US enters war in April • Russian Revolution from March until Nov. • Lenin signs treaty with Central Powers • Allies launch a disastrous offensive

  3. Germany’s Last Bid for Victory • March 1918 – 1 million Germans launch an offensive • 6,000 “Big Bertha” artillery pieces • Pushed Allies 50 miles from Paris

  4. US Troops • under the command of the French • Defeat Germans at Chateau-Thierry • US Marines captured Bellau Wood • Saved Paris • the turning point of the war

  5. Argonne Forest • French lead a major offensive toward Germany • Battle of the Argonne Forest – Americans charged into artillery and machine gun fire • Pushed back the Germans further from Paris • US suffered 120,000 casualties in battle

  6. AA in Argonne • 369th Infantry – all black regiment from NY • received the Croix de Guerre (Cross of War) from the French for their heroics

  7. Germany Surrenders • Kaiser fled to Neth. Nov. 1918 • November 11,1918 at 11 AM – signed an armistice

  8. Fourteen Points • Developed by Wilson for world peace • Dealt with: • Self-determination – right of people to govern themselves • Secret diplomacy • Arms race • Violations of freedom of the seas • Trade barriers • League of Nations – international body designed to prevent offensive wars

  9. Big Four • Wilson – US • David Lloyd George – British PM • Georges Clemenceau – French premier • Vittorio Orlando – Italian PM • Dominated the peace process

  10. Treaty of Versailles • June 1919 • It stated: • German and Ottoman colonies would be divided among the Allies • Created new nations : Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia • Re-established Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland • Germany was disarmed • Germany took full responsibility for the war • “” had to pay billions of dollars in reparations

  11. League of Nations • Try to resolve disputes peacefully • Negotiations failed - a waiting period before going to war • Use of “economic pressure” • “respect and preserve” the territorial control of all other member nations

  12. Treaty in Senate • Republicans divided on the League • Irreconcilables: didn’t want the League • Reservationists: 35 Rep. senators scared of being forced into a war • Wilson would not make any compromises

  13. Treaty in Senate Contd • Henry Cabot Lodge – Senate Committee on Foreign Relations • hated Wilson • Stalled the passing on the treaty • Wilson went on 9,500 mile speaking tour in favor of treaty in 1919 • Suffered a stroke • Treaty of Versailles never passed

  14. Global Impact • 8.5 million people died • 21 million were wounded • Europe in ruins • Inflation throughout Europe

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