Capítulo 3—Gramática 1

1. Capítulo 3—Gramática 1 Verbs + el infinitive

2. Infinitives • verbs that are not conjugated • end in –ar, -er, or -ir

3. Some verbs are followed by a preposition + an infinitive • prepositions are ALWAYS followed by the infinitive

4. Common prepositions: • con—with • de—of, from • a—to • por, para—for • en—in, on

5. Common expressions with prepositions: • tratar de—try to • aprender a—learn to • ayudar a—help • dejar de—stop • soñar con—dream about

6. Common expressions with prepositions: • comenzar a—start to • insistir en—insist on

7. Remember: You can follow a conjugated verb by an infinitive • Debeshacer la tarea. • You should do the homework. • Piensoir al cine. • I’m planning to go to the movies

8. If a verb is normally followed by the subjunctive, but DOESN’T have a “que” you must use the infinitive • Quierosalircontigoestanoche. • I want to go out with you tonight.

9. Capítulo 3—Gramática 1 Subjunctive with will or wish UWIERDO

10. If you speak about what you wish or will someone to do… • use the subjunctive • Mis amigos insisten en queyovaya a la escuela • My friends insist that I go to school.

11. Verbs of wish and will • esperarque—to hope that • quererque—to wish, to want that • desearque—to desire that • insistir en que—to insist that • necesitar—to need that

12. Verbs of wish and will • decirque—to tell someone to • pedirque—to ask someone to • mandarque—to demand that

13. Verbs of wish and will • exigirque—to demand that

14. If there is no “que”… • do NOT use the subjunctive • Quierovisitar a mis amigos. • I want to visit my friends.

15. If there is no change of subject… • do NOT use the subjunctive • Yonecesitoencontrar mi libro. • I need to find my book.

16. Capítulo 3—Gramática 1 Subjunctive with negation or denial UWIERDO

17. To negate or deny something… • use the subjunctive • No esverdadquehaya un examenhoy. • It’s not true that there’s an exam today.

18. Verbs of negation or denial • No esverdadque—it’s not true that • No creoque—I don’t think that • No esciertoque—It’s not true that

19. Verbs of negation or denial • negarque—to deny that • no estar de acuerdoque—to not agree that

20. No negation, no subjunctive! • esverdadque + indicative • creoque + indicative • esciertoque + indicative • esverdadquehay un examenhoy.

21. Capítulo 3—Gramática 2 Future tense

22. Formation of future tensekeep infinitiveadd endings • é • ás • á • emos • án

23. Example: hablar • hablaré • hablarás • hablará • hablaremos • hablarán

24. -ar, -er, and –ir verbs… • all have the same endings!

25. Irregular stems: • caber—cabr- • decir—dir • haber—habr- • hacer--har • poder—podr- • saber—sabr- • salir—saldr- • tener—tendr-

26. Irregular stems: • valer—valdr- • venir—vendr-

27. Future tense can also express probability • Tendremosmuchatareaestanoche. • We will (probably) have a lot of homework tonight.

28. Future of estar + gerundio also expresses probability • Los niñosestaráncomiendo el desayundo. • The children will probably be eating breakfast.

29. Capítulo 3—Gramática 2 Conditional tense

30. The conditional is used to… • say what you “would” do or “could” do

31. Formation of condtionaltensekeep infinitiveadd endings—¡déjà vu! • ía • ías • ía • íamos • ían

32. Example: hablar • hablaría • hablarías • hablaría • hablaríamos • hablarían

33. -ar, -er, and –ir verbs… • all have the same endings! • Déjà vu!

34. Irregular stems: • caber—cabr- • decir—dir • haber—habre • hacer--har • poder—podr- • saber—sabr- • salir—saldr- • tener—tendr-

35. Irregular stems: • Valer—valdr- • Venir—vendr-

36. The following expressions are often used with the conditional…. • Si yofuera…+ conditional • Si túfueras…+ conditional • Si yotuviera…+ conditional • Si tútuvieras… + conditional • Si yopudiera…+ conditional • Si túpudieras + conditional

37. The following expressions are often used with the conditional…. • Si yofuera el presidente, yoviviría en la Casa Blanca. • If I were the president, I would live in the White House