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World History

World History. Unit 1A Absolutism and Scientific Revolution Ch.5 and 6.1. 5.1. Absolutism every aspect Divine Right- represent God Why? Decline of feudalism World was crazy Fear of God. Spain. Isabella & Ferdinand Spanish Inquisition United Spain Charles V (Hapsburg) Grandson

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World History

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  1. World History Unit 1A Absolutism and Scientific Revolution Ch.5 and 6.1

  2. 5.1 Absolutism • every aspect • Divine Right- represent God Why? • Decline of feudalism • World was crazy • Fear of God

  3. Spain Isabella & Ferdinand Spanish Inquisition United Spain Charles V (Hapsburg) Grandson Germany (Holy Roman Empire) Catholic Phillip II Crazy Catholic El Escorial Spanish Armada

  4. Spain Art El Greco- Catholic Faith Velazquez- Monarchy Miguel de Cervantes- Don Quixote Modern European Novel

  5. Spain Problems Economic- inflation tax on poor Dutch- Revolt Protestant vs. Catholic William of Orange Flood Gates United Provinces of Netherlands (Republic) England Defeat of Armada Tried to kill Elizabeth I

  6. France Bourbon Family Henry IV- Henry of Navarre Protestant “Paris is Worth a Mass” Louis XIII & Cardinal Richelieu (minister) 30 Year War (won) Weakened Nobles Edict of Nantes

  7. France Louis XIV & Cardinal Mazarin 5yr old, “Boy King” The Fronde The “Sun King” “I am the State” Got rid of Edict of Nantes Weakened Nobles Debt, Abuse of Power Lost War of Spanish Succession (Eng/HRE)

  8. Versailles Lavish Gold Fountains Apollo Gardens Spy on Nobles Glorify King

  9. Austria Hapsburgs Maria Theresa (Charles VI daughter) War of Austrian Succession (Silesia) Prussia attacked, won war lost Silesia Increase Army Catholic Decrease power of Nobility 7 years War- lost

  10. Prussia Hohenzallerns Frederick William I Great Elector Standing Army Permanent tax Soldier King Military Society Junkers-land owning nobility

  11. Prussia Frederick II (The Great) practical atheist religious tolerance legal reform foreign affairs

  12. Russia Ivan IV (The Terrible) 1533 Csar/Tsar (Ceasar) added land code of laws boyars secret police

  13. Russia Peter the Great (Romanov) Grand Embassy Church under state westernize army navy lower class loyal reduced landowners power St. Petersburg Clothes Education Potato Waterway for trade newspaper

  14. Russia Catherine the Great school for girls increase size of Russia

  15. England • Elizabeth I Renaissance Restored Anglican Church Debt James I (Cousin, King of Scotland)

  16. Charles I *James I son *Asked parliament for $ *NO *Got rid of parliament *Recalled parliament *Petition of Rights • Due cause • No quartering of soldiers • Signed it, got money, then ignored it *Forced Anglican Church on Puritans *Presbyterians (Scotland) got army

  17. Civil War • Charles fled • Royalists (Cavaliers) support King • Roundheads, Parliament, Puritans wanted King out • Oliver Cromwell led Roundheads and won • Beheaded Charles I • Cromwell became dictator • Got rid of fun, killed Irish • Died

  18. The Restoration of Charles II • 1660 • Fun • Habeas Corpus • Heir was a Catholic= James, brother • 1st political parties emerge • Whigs – no blood line • Tories – James and blood line • James becomes King

  19. The Glorious Revolution • James was Catholic King • Had Protestant daughter, Mary • Mary was married to William of Orange from the Netherlands • Parliament brought W & M to England • Bloodless overthrow of James • James left • It was “Glorious” to have a Protestant King & Queen back

  20. Constitutional Monarchy • Laws limit the monarch’s power • English Bill of Rights • Cabinet • Prime Minister- Robert Walpole

  21. 30 Years War • Religious Conflict • Increased power of France • Weakening of Spain & Austria • Devastation of Germany (HRE) • Religion, land and power among ruling families

  22. Scientific Revolution • Heliocentric- Copernicus • Francis Bacon- reason from abstract theories • Isaac Newton-gravity, clock • Scientific Method-Observe, question, hypothesis, experimentation, conclusion • Improvements in medicine and scientific instruments

  23. Unit 1B The Enlightenment Chapter 6.2 & 6.3

  24. The Enlightenment in Europe • Scientific Revolution • Age of Reason • Emphasis reason and thought

  25. Two Views on Government Thomas Hobbes • Leviathon • Social contract • Needed Absolute monarchy John Locke • Two Treatises of Government • Government by consent • Natural Rights • Universal Moral Law

  26. Philosophes • Thinkers of new ideas • Use reason • Use logic • Progress • Liberty

  27. Voltaire • Candide • Freedom of religion • Freedom of Speech • “I disapprove of what you say but I defend you to the death your right to say it”

  28. Montesquieu • On the Spirit of Laws • Separation of powers • Three branches of government • Checks & balances • Power should be a check to power

  29. Rousseau • The Social Contract • Direct democracy (Anarchy) • All people are equal • Civilization corrupts

  30. Beccaria • On Crime and Punishment • Criminal justice • NO death penalty • No torture • Punishment should fit the crime

  31. Women Mary Wollstonecraft • Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) • Women need education Marie Lavosiour • Helped her husband Emilie Chatelet • Translated Newton to french

  32. Impact of the Enlightenment Three Long Term Effects • Belief in Progress- end slavery, prison reform • More Secular Outlook- Deism, tolerance • Importance of the Individual- Methodist, Adam Smith (Capitalism, Invisible Hand)

  33. Spread of Enlightenment • Salons • Diderot • Books • Letters • Visits (William Penn, The United Nations) • Middle Class develop

  34. Art Baroque • Grand, ornate, overwhelming emotion • Bach, Handel Rococo • Over the top elaboration • Versailles Neoclassical • Order, balance, simple elegance, architecture, classic Roman and Greek

  35. Music • Hayden- symphany • Mozart- operas • Beethoven- piano symphonies

  36. Literature • Novels • Vernacular • Plot, suspense • Robinson Crusoe

  37. Enlightened Despots • Rule fairly and just, absolute • Supports enlightened ideas • No intention of giving up power • Make the country and himself stronger

  38. Frederick the Great • Prussia • Abolish torture • Decrease censorship

  39. Joseph II • Austria • Freedom of the press • Freedom to worship • Abolished serfdom

  40. Catherine the Great • Russia • School for girls

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