Ch 3.2-3.3: The 13 English Colonies

1. Ch 3.2-3.3: The 13 English Colonies EQ’s: Which colonies make up each colonial area? Describe how each colonial area is different. (Use lots of details!)

2. New England Colonies • Northern colonies = New England colonies • Included: - New Hampshire - Massachusetts/Maine (part of Mass., counts as one) - Rhode Island - Connecticut Note: New England Colonies are shaded in green on this map!

3. Pilgrims and the Mayflower • Group of pilgrims called Separatists broke ties with Church of England (felt it was too similar to Catholicism) • Fled to Americas to avoid religious persecution on ship called the Mayflower (landed in Plymouth, Mass.) • Signed document called Mayflower Compact • Compact established self government and majority rule

5. The Mayflower Compact • Written and signed November 11, 1620 before Pilgrims got off ship • Not a constitution, but an agreement to form a crude govt. and submit to majority rule • Signed by 41 adult males • Led to adult male settlers meeting in assemblies to make laws in town meetings

6. Plymouth Plantation

7. FYI: The First Year… • Winter of 1620-1621 • Only 44 out of the original 102 survived • None chose to leave in 1621 when Mayflower sailed back • Fall of 1621  First “Thanksgiving” (3 day feast) • Colony survived with fur [especially beaver], fish, and lumber • Plymouth stayed small and economically unimportant • 1691  only 7,000 people • Merged with Massachusetts Bay Colony

8. Puritans • Puritans wanted to purify the Church of England • 1630-1640: Puritan families left in great #s for New England colonies • Called the Great Migration • Over 20,000 made the trip across Atlantic Ocean

9. Religion heavily influenced New England colonies Puritans worked with Indians to learn how to survive in new land “New England Way” of living stressed duty, godliness, hard work, and honesty. Began fishing and growing wheat and corn mostly for themselves but some of which was shipped back to England New England Way Of Life

10. FYI:Further New England Colonies • 1636 Thomas Hooker led his congregation to the Connecticut Valley. • 1623 Settlement in New Hampshire was established. • 1636 Roger Williams established the Rhode Island colony • Quakers were part of this colony

11. Salem Witchcraft Trials • New England colonies originally centered on church • By late 1600s began to change • Several girls from Salem pretended to be bewitched and falsely accused others of witch craft • 1692- Witch hunts began in Massachusetts, • over 100 people arrested and tried • 20 found guilty and put to death • People saw trials as a sign from God to return to strict Puritan lifestyle

12. Middle Colonies • Included: • New York • New Jersey • Pennsylvania • Delaware *Note: The Middle Colonies are shaded purple on this map.

13. Middle Colonies Cont. • Middle Colonies located between New England colonies to the north and Southern Colonies to the south

14. Middle Colonies Cont. • Most Diverse Colony Area • Groupswho came to the middle colonies included: - Swedes, Dutch, English, Germans, and Africans, and others

15. The Quakers • Another religious group • Had no ministers or Bible, • Only needed “inner light” • Treated Native Americans fairly • Why they came: Religious Freedom Many were whipped, imprisoned, and hanged for their beliefs while in England

16. Extra Info: The Quakers • Called Quakers because they “quaked” during intense religious practices. They felt that everyone should tremble (or quake) at the word of the Lord.

17. Living in the Middle Colonies • Religious freedom attracted many groupsto move to middle colonies • Hudson and Delaware rivers supported shipping and commerce • River valleys had rich soil and mild winters, great for farming and raising livestock

18. Southern Colonies • Included: - Maryland - Virginia - North Carolina - South Carolina - Georgia *Note: The Southern Colonies are shaded in red on this map!

19. Location Factors • Bordered by Appalachian mountains to west and Atlantic Ocean to east • Largest colonial area • Climate and soil good for warm weather crops like tobacco and rice

20. Indigo American Long Grain Rice Corn Cash Crops grown by Southern Colonies Tobacco Plant

21. Extra Info: Late-Coming Georgia -Founded in 1733 -Last of the 13 colonies -Founded by James Oglethorpe -Named in honor of King George II - A haven for debtors -As a “buffer” between the valuable Carolinas & Spanish Florida & French Louisiana

22. Summary! • Think: “What did I learn?” • Write a 7-10 sentence summary answering the EQ’s using details! • Remember the EQ’s were: • Which colonies make up each colonial area? 2. Describe how each colonial area is different. (Use lots of details!)