Impact of global trade

1. Impact of global trade Ottoman Empire

2. Location and development of the Ottoman Empire • The Ottoman Empire emerged as a political and economic power following the conquest of Constantinople. • The Ottomans brought much of Muslim territory in Southwest Asia and North Africa under their rule.

3. Original location of the Ottoman Empire • Asia Minor

5. Expansion and extent of the Ottoman Empire • Southwest Asia • Southeastern Europe, Balkan Peninsula • North Africa • See your map pages A26-A27

6. Development of the Ottoman Empire • Capital at Constantinople renamed Istanbul • Islamic religion as a unifying force that accepted other religions • Trade in coffee and ceramics

7. Location of the Mughal Empire • North India • Descendants of the Mongols, the Muslim Mughal (Mogul) rulers established an empire in northern India. • The Mughal Empire traded with European nations. • Much of southern India remained independent and continued international trade

8. Location North India Came from Central Asia into India Claimed to be descendants of the Mongols (Name comes from Persian word for Mongols) Was formerly a Hindu region Mughal conquerors bring Islam to region Tolerant of all religions New Religion forms Sikh (combines Hinduism and Islam) Mughal India : Location and Religion

9. Rulers: Babur, Akbar and Shah Jahan Government restructured taxes Ruled with absolute power but respected local Raj put rulers Intermarried with local leaders to gain trust and respect Battled with Persians constantly Mughals greatly grew India's economy India had many beautiful resources that eventually attracted Europeans to them Eventually power struggles between rival Indian powers allowed Europeans to take over India ports and markets British interest in Indian Textiles Mughal India: Government and Foreign Relations

10. Mughal Empire

11. Blended Persian, Islam and Hindu styles into their lives and art Developed literature in Hindu and Urdu languages (common vernacular) Taj Mahal Mughal India: Cultural Achievements and Daily Life Built by Shah Jahan for his wife that passed away

13. Contributions of Mughal rulers • Spread of Islam into India • Art and architecture: TajMahal • Establishment of European trading outposts • Influence of Indian textiles on British textile industry

14. Mughal Empire • What were the contributions of the Mughal emperors of India? • Spread Islam into India, built the TajMahal, established European trading outposts, and influenced the British textile industry

15. Trade with European nations • Portugal, England, and the Netherlands competed for the Indian Ocean trade by establishing coastal ports on the Indian sub-continent. • Southern India traded silks, spices, and gems

16. Mughal Empire • How did the Mughal Empire trade with European nations? • Established coastal ports on the Indian sub-continent • What did southern India trade? • Silks, spices, and gems

17. What empire ruled India from c. 1500-1750?

18. The Mughal Empire

19. What was the location of the Mughal Empire?

20. Northern India

21. What religion did the Mughal introduce into India?

22. Islam especially into an area called Kashmir in the Himalayas Kashmir

23. What architectural achievement are the Mughals famous for?

24. The Taj Mahal

25. What were the chief products traded by the Mughals Empire?

26. Textiles clothing products

27. Imperial China (Ming Dynasty) • Location (Modern day China) • Took back China from Mongol rule • Created large empire that spanned the majority of modern day China • No official religion • Believed in Confucianism • Pushed out foreign influences and restored Chinese beliefs into society

28. Imperial China (Foreign Relations and Government) • Wanted to be self sufficient • Viewed outsiders as inferior (Europeans) • Had overland trade routes through central Asia and Russia (Silk Road) • Did not want European powers to come into China • European powers slowly arrive and eventually force their way into China • Restored Confucian order to social classes • Reinstituted civil service exams • Wanted to restore China’s past glory • Strengthened China’s Great Wall to keep out invaders • Did not invest in sea travel and trade

29. China • Creation of foreign enclaves to control trade • Imperial policy of controlling foreign influences and trade • Increase in European demand for Chinese goods (tea, porcelain)

30. Forbidden palace – symbol of Chinese isolation

31. Japan • Characterized by a powerless emperor controlled by a military leader (shogun) • Adopted policy of isolation to limit foreign influences

32. Shogun Japan • China’s culture had influenced Japan • Yet Japan become more and more isolationist to limit foreign influences • An era when military leaders called Shoguns ran the country • Emperors very weak and feeble

33. Shogun Japan • Japan eventually fell into a feudal society • Yet power was centralized into Shogun’s hands • Tokugawa Shoguns weakened local rulers and did not allow them to fight • Japan remained peaceful and stable for over 200 years • Closed door to foreign relations • Closed off sea trade with all other nations • Wanted to be self-sufficient • Portuguese brought guns and Christianity • Jesuits converted almost 300,000 Japanese • Shoguns stopped that and saw it as a threat to Japanese way of life

34. Shogun Japan • Similar social class order as Chinese (warriors at top instead) • Social class determined by birth • Samurai were born into their role and heavily controlled by Shoguns • Used salaries instead having locals pay Samurai • Other social groups began to rise as the rise of cities took place • Artisans and Merchants became very wealthy • Growth in cities led to a rise in popular culture • City residents became more encouraged to participate in art, plays, literature

35. China and Japan • How did the Chinese and Japanese attempt to limit the influence of European merchants? • China created foreign enclaves (areas where foreigners were allowed) to control trade. The Japanese adopted a policy of isolationism. The emperor was powerless and controlled by a shogun.

36. Both Japan and China decided to limit trade with Europe during much of the 16th and17th centuries because the Japanese and the Chinese • Had few products to sell to the Europeans • Held religious beliefs that prohibited contact with foreigners • Thought European technology would hinder any effort to modernize • Believed they would receive no benefit from increased contact with the Europeans Answer is D.

37. Africa • African exports – (sent out of country) • Slaves (triangular trade) • Raw materials (ivory, gold, salt) • African imports – (brought into country) • Manufactured goods from Europe, Asia, and the Americas • New food products (corn, peanuts)

38. Africa • The exportation of slaves and demand for imported goods began to alter traditional economic patterns in Africa.

39. Mercantilism and Commercial Revolution • Mercantilism: An economic practice adopted by European colonial powers in an effort to become self-sufficient; based on the theory that colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country.

40. Commercial Revolution • European maritime nations competed for overseas markets, colonies, and resources. • A new economic system emerged: • New money and banking systems were created. • Economic practices such as mercantilism evolved. • Colonial economies were limited by the economic needs of the mother country.

41. World Trade • Throughout history, trade has played an important role in establishing economic development and success. Listed below are elements of trade. • Products or resources sold to other countries are called exports. • Products or resources that come into a country are called imports. • A country may choose to focus on producing only one or two products or resources; this is called specialization.

42. Government and Economics • In order to fund public services, governments have to tax their people. Throughout history, taxation has been used to fund a number of projects, such as the Great Pyramids, the Great Wall of China, and waterworks in Rome. Taxes were not always paid by using currency. In ancient Egypt, farmers paid taxes by giving grain, among other farm products, to the pharaoh. The pharaoh would then store the grain for the empire to use at other times. Over time, currency evolved as a form of payment for goods or services.

43. Economic Systems • Traditional economy: Goods and services traded; money rarely exchanged. • Command or Planned economy: Production of goods and services is decided by central government, which owns most resources and businesses. • Market economy: production of goods and services is determined by supply and demand. • Mixed economy: A blend of command and market economies.