Introduction

1. Introduction • Plant and animal _________ is the most important development in the past 13,000 years of human history • Provides most of our food today • Prerequisite to the rise of ___________ • Transformed global demography

2. Vegetable Gardens Around the World • How are __________ plants different from wild plants? • When do we start __________ plants? • How do we start __________ plants? • Why do we start domesticating plants?

3. When do we start domesticating plants? • Vary with the regions • Most predate the 6th millennium BC • the earliest may date from ________ BC • Domesticated legumes found in _________ and Macedonia dated as early as 6,000 BC

4. How do we start domesticating plants? • Observing which wild plants were _______ or otherwise useful • Learning to save the seed and to _______ in cleared land • Long cultivation of the most prolific and ________ plants yielded a stable strain

5. Food self ___________ Improve nutrition ___________ Economic development __________________ Why do we start domesticating plants?

6. Carrying pots attached to a _______ or raising water Pouring water into ________ furrows Tying onions into bundles Irrigating and harvesting in an ancient Egyptian vegetable gardens

7. _______ channels Technique used in the several Oasis in the Region Land of the _______ The "inhabitants of the desert" Vegetable Garden in Neve Firan, Sinai (Egypt)

8. Similarities: Food production Self-sufficiency Agriculture ________ Medicinal Three out of _______ people rely on remedies made directly from plants Aesthetics Vegetable Gardens Around the World

9. Myanmar/Burma – Asia Important ____ -growing region One of the largest river _____ in Asia 1,000 miles of navigable river The floating vegetable gardens in the Inle-Lake

10. Covered with lush surface vegetation Vegetables and fruits raised on gardens floated on the ________ of the lake Since 19th century people live in simple stilt houses of woven _______ and are largely self-sufficient The Inle-Lake

11. Five-day markets ________ between different places around the lake on a five-day schedule Allow people to buy and sell their products to locals and _______ from boats on the lake The vegetable market in the Inle-Lake region

12. Intensive ________ technique is used on almost every spare inch of land in some regions of China Have been in use for __________ Raised a few inches above the soil level Arranged just wide enough to reach across by _______ Ideal way to grow vegetables and small fruit Why? Chinese Raised Bed Gardens

13. Chinese Raised Bed Gardens • Advantages • Allows the gardener to concentrate soil preparation in small areas • Resulting in effective use of soil ____________ and creating an ideal _____________ for vegetable growth • Warm-up more quickly in the spring • Will keep soil in place during heavy _____________ • Disadvantages • More expensive • Time consuming to build • Higher temperature and____________ by mid summer • May become too hot and use very high amounts of water

14. Incorporate a ___________ vegetable garden Have __________ vegetables at hand for self-consumption “Just picked it from my vegetable garden” Formal Italian Vegetable Gardens

15. Health promotion with the use of ______________ Typical alternative __________ in almost all Brazilians towns Large portion of the population regularly cultivate _______l plants in their back yards and gardens *Kayapo Indian taking medicinal plants used to treat ________, Amazonia, Brazil Medicinal Vegetable Gardens in Brazil

16. Medicinal Vegetable Gardens in Brazil • Many fruits provide _________ as well as food • These include banana, pineapple, mulberry, passion fruit and papaya • Food plants that also provide medicine • Onion, garlic, peanut, cabbage, peppers, coffee, pumpkin, sunflower, sweet _____________, rice, maize, ginger, black pepper and sesame (Sesamum indicum) • Other plants are grown just for their ___________ ______________

17. Permaculture: The Forest Garden • Permanent Agriculture • Australia, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Brazil, Ecuador, Guatemala, Haiti, US… • Creates __________ human environments

18. Characteristics of Permaculture • Permaculture is one of the most ___________, integrated systems analysis and design methodologies found in the world • Can be applied to create productive ecosystems from the human - use standpoint • Help degraded ecosystems recover ________ and naturalness • Can be applied in any ecosystem, no matter how degraded

19. Characteristics of Permaculture • Incorporates sustainable agriculture __________, land management techniques and strategies from around the world • A bridge between ____________ cultures and emergent earth-tuned cultures • Promotes __________ agriculture