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ISLAM

ISLAM. Islam ~ submission to divine will Muslim ~ one who submits to divine will. Which of the following is a true statement: A. All Arabs are Muslims B. All Muslims are Arabs C. Iran is an Arab country D. None of the above. Which of the following is a true statement:

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ISLAM

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  1. ISLAM • Islam ~ submission to divine will • Muslim ~ one who submits to divine will

  2. Which of the following is a true statement: A. All Arabs are Muslims B. All Muslims are Arabs C. Iran is an Arab country D. None of the above

  3. Which of the following is a true statement: • A. All Arabs are Muslims • All Muslims are Arabs • Iran is an Arab country • D. None of the above

  4. During prayer a Muslim should face: • A. Mecca • Islamabad • Jerusalem • D. Washington, DC

  5. During prayer a Muslim should face: • A. Mecca • Islamabad • Jerusalem • D. Washington, DC

  6. Which of the following is a true statement: • A. Muslims believe Jesus is the son of God • Muslims believe Jesus is a prophet • C. Muslims do not believe Jesus existed

  7. Which of the following is a true statement: A. Muslims believe Jesus is the son of God B. Muslims believe Jesus is a prophet C. Muslims do not believe Jesus existed

  8. Myth #1: Most Muslims are Arabs who live in the Middle East. Reality: Of more than 1 billion Muslims worldwide, only about 1/5 are Arabs.

  9. Myth #2: Muslims have a unfamiliar religion and worship a strange god. • Reality: • Muslims are monotheistic and worship the same one God as Christians and Jews-the Arabic word for God is Allah

  10. Myth #3: Muslims believe it is ok to kill civilians in a holy war or jihad. • Reality: • Only Muslim extremists believe this.In Arabic Jihad does not mean "holy war”. It means "struggle” or “strive”.

  11. Myth #4:Most Muslim women wear veils over their faces and are treated very badly. • Reality • Muslim women have many different styles of dress- very few cultures require women to cover their faces. • The treatment of women varies from country to country and family to family. • Some Muslim countries, like Pakistan, have had female prime ministers. The U.S. has never had a female president.

  12. The religion is called ISLAM. The people are MUSLIMS. ALLAH is the Arabic word for God. MOSQUE is the place of worship. QURAN is the book of prayer.

  13. Mecca-Most Holy Site in Islam • The Muslims trace their ancestors to Abraham and his son Ishmael, who were believed to have built a shrine in Mecca on the spot where Adam laid a stone

  14. The Kaaba The Kaaba-cornerstone is a sacred stone called the Black Stone

  15. Muhammad the Prophet • 571~Muhammad born in Mecca • 610~Claims to receive visions and messages • 622~Hijra or Escape. Muhammad and his followers escape prosecution and go to Medina. • This marks Year 1 in the Islamic calendar. • Current year in Islam: 1431

  16. The Hijra

  17. Muhammad the Last Prophet • Muhammad came to believe that Allah had revealed himself partially through Moses-Judaism and Jesus-Christianity and that Allah’s final revelations were to him.

  18. Muhammad • 629 ~ Muhammad conquers Mecca • 632 ~ Muhammad dies in Medina. • Ascends into Heaven from Jerusalem • Jerusalem is the third most holy site in Islam

  19. The Teachings of Muhammad • Islam is monotheistic. • Allah is the all-powerful creator of everything. • Islam offers salvation and the hope of an afterlife to its followers. PARADISE.

  20. How is Muhammad Viewed? • Muhammad is not considered divine, as Jesus is in the Christian religion. • He is a prophet who conveys Allah’s final revelations through the Quran.

  21. The Holy Quran • Muslims believe the Quran is the direct word of Allah revealed to Muhammad • Written and read in Arabic

  22. Characteristics of the Koran • About as long as the New Testament • 114 suras, arranged from longest to shortest • Most suras are collections of Mohammed’s teachings with no overall theme • Suras are labeled by distinctive or unusual words found in each • No historical chapters • Considered the definitive form of Arabic • Strictly speaking, cannot be translated, only paraphrased

  23. Imam • The leader of a mosque and the community. Similar to spiritual leaders, the imam is the one who leads the prayer during Islamic gatherings.

  24. The Five Pillars of Islam • Profession of Faith: There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. • Daily Prayer: Pray five time times each day in the direction of the holy city of Mecca. • Charity: Give alms to the poor. • Fasting: No food or drink from dawn until dusk during the holy month of Ramadan. • Hajj: Pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca.

  25. ShahadahProfession of Faith There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. The Flag of Saudi Arabia

  26. SalatDaily Prayer • Pray time times each day in the • direction of the holy city of Mecca. God is Great. God is Great. God is Great. God is Great. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except God. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except God. I testify that Muhammad is the messenger of God. I testify that Muhammad is the messenger of God. Come to prayer! Come to prayer! Come to success! Come to success! God is Great! God is Great! There is none worthy of worship except God.

  27. ZakatCharity • Give alms to the poor. http://salamcenter.org/zakat-ul-mal.html

  28. SawmFasting • No food or drink from dawn until dusk during the holy month of Ramadan. • Eid al-Fitr means the Festival of Breaking the Fast • The beginning of Ramadan is based on the Islamic calendar and observing the first waxing crescent moon.

  29. Hajj • Pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca.

  30. Dome of the RockImportant to the Three Monotheistic Faiths • Muhammad died in 632 and rose into heaven from a holy rock in Jerusalem. • Christians believe Jesus gave sermons on the rock. • Jews believe Abraham prepared the sacrifice of his son Isaac on the same rock. • On the site Muslims built a mosque called the Dome of the Rock.

  31. Dome of the Rock

  32. Interior of the Dome of the Rock

  33. The Muslim World Major groups of Muslims: Sunnis and Shiites Most Muslims are Sunnis Shiites are the majority in Iraq and Iran

  34. Sunnis and Shiites • Sunnis • The caliph may be elected from the Muslim community. • Shiites (Shia) • The caliph must be a descendant of the family of Muhammad

  35. END

  36. The Hajj • 1. Pilgrims perform cleansing rituals at designated stations outside Mecca. Men and women exchange their street clothes for hajj garments - stripping themselves of social distinctions and embracing their dedication to God. • 2. Among other rites, pilgrims circle the Kaaba, a shrine at the center of the Grand Mosque - built by Abraham and his son - seven times counterclockwise in a procession called the Tawaf. It symbolizes placing God's House at the center of their lives. (Map) • 3. On the first official day of the hajj, pigrims take a three-mile journey into Mina, where they spend the night in a massive tent city. • 4. In the morning, pilgrims continue east to the Plain of Arafat, where Muslims believe Adam and Eve were reunited after leaving Eden. A daylong group vigil, in which pilgrims stand in the presence of God, marks the zenith of the hajj. • 5. At sundown, the hajj loops back toward Mecca, halting at a patch of hills called the Muzdalifah, where pilgrims stop for the night, participate in a nightlong vigil, and collect stones for the next day. • 6. At dawn, pilgrims cast pebbles at the Jamraat, three stone pillars that symbolize temptation - places where Satan tried to tempt Abraham from the path of God. They first throw seven stones at the largest pillar, and then stone the other two over the course of two or three days. • 7. Back in Mecca, pilgrims can perform the seven turns around the Kaaba one last time before heading home. The end of the hajj is celebrated with a three-day feast.

  37. Historical Overview

  38. Islam: • ”Surrender”, related to ‘salaam’, or peace. • Abraham, father of all prophets, is the first Muslim • Islam is also a code for social conduct • Quran plus the authentic statements of Muhammad (Hadith) = Shareeha (constitution), as Interpreted by Islamic scholars • Muhammad is the last prophet (33: 40). • Gabriel highest ranking angel • The Quran: • Islam’s holy book, an inspired scripture. God’s word inspired to his messenger, • 114 Chapters (chapter = Surah), 4 to >200 verses/chapter (verse = Aiyah) • Confirms most narratives and prophets of the Jewish and Christian faiths • Special place for Virgin Mary, the only female (the Chapter of Mary) • Allah is the word for God used by Christian and Muslim Arabs • God = Allah (Arabic) = Eluhim (Hebrew) = El (Aramaic) • One and only one God, no trinity • Arabic as the language of the Quran

  39. The Levant Mesopotamia The fertile Crescent H I j a z ARABIA EGYPT • Medinah •Mecca Dynasties of the South

  40. Middle East, 7th Century • The Arabian Peninsula • The source of Arabs and the Semitic race • Mostly desert, few urbanized areas • Urban centers, Mecca • Mainly tribal society • First mention of ‘Arabs’, 854 B.C. • Arabs of the North and Arabs of the South • Dynasties in the south • Religions • Christianity (inclusive), Judaism (exclusive), polytheism • The Sassanid or Persian Empire • Ailing • The Byzantine or Eastern Roman Empire • Christianity is the state religion, 3rd century • A foreign occupying power • Sectarian conflicts with the locals

  41. Byzantine Empire * Persian Empire • An Arabian dynasty An Arabian dynasty *

  42. Islam by the death of Mohammed 632

  43. 632-661: the Four Elected Successors (Caliphs) • Abu-Bakr - 632-634 • The first elected official. Wise leader, crisis manager • Omar Ibn Elkhattab - 634-644 • A first-rate statesman. Honest, modest and just. • Conquered the Levant, Egypt, Iraq, Persia • Damascus (9 / 635) and Jerusalem (5 / 638) surrender peacefully • Omar’s pledge to the Jerusalemites • A modern state: Treasury, communication, defense. Engraved currency. • Othman bin Affan - 644-656 • Collected and compiled the Quran • Emergence of power struggle • Ali Bin Abitalib - 656-661 • Power struggle escalated to armed conflict • Emergence of political parties • End of democracy. Ummayah Dynasty in Damascus, Muawyia (661-680)

  44. Islam at 644, the year Omar died

  45. The Ummayah Dynasty, 661-750 • Empire center and capital move to Damascus • Expansion: All N. Africa (Atlantic), W. Europe, much of C. Asia, the wall of China • 711: Conquer of Spain and Portugal. Tariq Bin Ziyad • Expansion into W. Europe blocked in France by Charles Martial, 732 • Power Struggle continues, but the Caliphs brutally liquidate all rivals • Karbalaa in S. Iraq (10 Nov, 680) and the emerge of the Shiha • Addelmalek builds Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem (691) • Massive translation of Greek and Indian writings • Arabization of the empire • Bloom of architecture, arts, agriculture, and science

  46. 732, 100 Yrs after Mohammed

  47. The Abbassides Dynasty, 750-1258 • The center of the Empire moves to Iraq and Iran • Baghdad, built 762 AD by Almansur (2nd Caliph). • With over 2 M, Baghdad becomes the glamorous center of the world • Science, art, architecture, learning, and wealth • Lighted streets, public baths, public libraries and hospitals everywhere • Other dynasties in Egypt, Spain, and parts of the Levant. • A 2nd Ummayah dynasty in Spain, 9th century • Qurtoba (Cordova) competes with Baghdad • Cairo, built 968 AD

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