Insect ID and Management

1. Insect ID and Management Kelly V. Tindall Extension Entomologist Twin Falls County

2. Management Techniques Integrated Pest Management (IPM): • Management of pests that incorporates many practices for environmentally friendly and economically feasible control of pests • Physical/Mechanical – barriers, hand removal • Cultural – proper irrigation • Biological – ladybugs, lacewings, etc. • Chemical – general vs selective insecticides • Variety selection – tolerance or resistance

3. Remove and burn infested plant structures Manual removal Bug-Vac Window screens – mechanical barrier Plastic mulch Traps & Lures Caulk - Seal off entrances into home Manually killing Mechanical/Physical Control

4. Tillage Fertilize Washing plants Proper sanitation Wood storage Cultural Control Water

5. Preying mantis Parasitic wasps and flies Lacewing larva Ladybug Pathogens Spiders Wasps Biological Control

6. Localized applications Bait systems Dormant Oils General vs specific insecticides Insecticidal soaps Pheromone disrupters Sprays Chemical Control

7. Variety Selection Three ways plants are resistant • Tolerance • Plants able to withstand injury better • Antixenosis • Not-preferred • Too hairy, too waxy • Odorous • Antibiosis • Toxic to the insect • Plant compounds with in the plant

8. Natural Control (Abiotic) • Temperature • Hard winters  populations • High temps increase insect development • Rainfall • Drowns soil insects (any stage) • Too dry, insects dry out also • Sunny versus shady • Some insects have a preference for shaded areas • Wind • Increases migration potential

9. Identification

10. Classification System • Kingdom (Animalia) • Phylum (Arthropoda) • Class (Insecta) • Order (Hymenoptera) • Family (Apidae) • Genus (Apis) • Species (Mellifera) • Common Name: Honey Bee

11. Why Learn Classification? • Groups have similar biology and appearance • More specific groups have closer biology • Characters relate to damage and pest status • When a name is known we can look up more information

12. Classification System

13. Classification System • Kingdom (Animalia) • Phylum (Arthropoda) • Class (Insecta) • Order (Hymenoptera) • Family (Apidae) • Genus (Apis) • Species (Mellifera) • Common Name: Honey Bee

14. Animalia Characteristics • Multicellular • Organelles have • Nucleus • No chloroplasts or cell walls • Move via contractile proteins • cilia, flagella, or muscular organs • Ingest nutrients

15. Classification System • Kingdom (Animalia) • Phylum (Arthropoda) • Class (Insecta) • Order (Hymenoptera) • Family (Apidae) • Genus (Apis) • Species (Mellifera) • Common Name: Honey Bee

16. Arthropoda Characteristics • Exoskeleton • Chitin • Segmented appendages • Segmented body • Bilateral symetry • Dorsal tubular heart • Ventral paired nerve chord

17. Classification System • Kingdom (Animalia) • Phylum (Arthropoda) • Class (Insecta) • Order (Hymenoptera) • Family (Apidae) • Genus (Apis) • Species (Mellifera) • Common Name: Honey Bee

18. Classes of Arthropods • Arachnida – spiders, mites, ticks • Diplopoda – millipedes • Chilopoda – centipedes • Insecta – insects

19. Cat-faced Spider Arachnida Characteristics Ticks, mites, spiders, scorpions • Body divided into two parts • Four pairs of legs • No antennae • No wings

20. Chilopoda Centipedes • Longer antennae than millipedes • Flattened in cross section • 1 pair of legs per segment • Beneficial – prey on other arthropods • Are fast moving • Have poison glands & can • inflict a painful bite

21. Dilopoda Millipedes • Feed on fungi and decaying plants • Can damage plants • 2 pair of legs per segment • 2 visible body parts – head and body • Round in cross section • Slow moving

22. Insecta Characteristics • Mandibulate • Mouth consists of mandible, maxilla & labia • 3 body segments • Head • Thorax • Abdomen • Pair of antenna • Most have compound eyes

23. Classification System • Kingdom (Animalia) • Phylum (Arthropoda) • Class (Insecta) • Order (Hymenoptera) • Family (Apidae) • Genus (Apis) • Species (Mellifera) • Common Name: Honey Bee

24. Orders of Insects • Hemiptera – true bugs • Homoptera – aphids/hoppers • Thysanoptera - thrips • Neuroptera – lace wings • Coleoptera - beetles • Mecoptera – scorpionfly • Siphonaptera - fleas • Diptera – flies, mosquitoes • Tricoptera - caddisflies • Lepidoptera – butterfly/moth • Hymenoptera – ants, wasps, bees • Collembola – spring tails • Thysanura – silver fish • Ephemerptera – maylfies • Odanota – dragonflies • Phasmida – walking sticks • Orthoptera - grasshoppers • Mantodea – preying mantids • Blattaria - roaches • Isoptera - termites • Dermaptera - earwigs • Plecoptera - stoneflies • Psocoptera – book & bark lice • Phthiraptera – true lice

25. No. of Species per Order Aprx. 800,000 species Hymenoptera Hemiptera Lepidoptera Coleoptera Diptera

26. Helpful Hints for Identification • Pictures • Specimens from a collection • Biology • Habitat – soil, wood, plant, food, aquatic • Sometimes host specific • Characteristic damage patterns • Time of year may help • Rear immatures to adults • Keys • Ask the expert

27. Websites • http://www.insectimages.org/search/index.cfm • http://www.entomology.ksu.edu/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabindex=165&tabid=86 • http://www.uky.edu/Agriculture/CritterFiles/casefile/insects/bugs/stinkbugs/stinkbugs.htm • http://www.cropproductionbasics.com/moth_identification.htm

28. Characteristics of an Adult • Head: • Pair of antennae • Pair of mandibles • Thorax: • Locomotor appendages • 3 pairs of true legs • 1 or 2 pairs of wings head • Abdomen: • Genitalia at the end • Spiracles

29. Characteristics of Larvae Abdomen: Prolegs Thorax: (1st 3 segments after head; true legs) Head

30. Head of Insect

31. Head of Insect Genae ‘Cheeks’

32. Compound eyes Head of Insect

33. Ocelli Simple eyes Head of Insect

34. Antennae Head of Insect

35. Clypeus Head of Insect

36. Frons Head of Insect

37. Head of Insect Mouth

38. Head of Insect Labrum

39. Head of Insect Mandibles

40. Head of Insect Maxilla

41. Head of Insect Labium

42. Antennal Types • Setaceous • Bristle-like • Dragonfly • Filiform • Thread-like • Cockroaches • Ground beetles • Moniliform • Bead-like • Termites • Serrate • Sawtoothed • Click beetles

43. Antennal Types • Clavate • Gradually clubbed • Carrior beetles • Capitate • Abruptly clubbed • Butterflies • Pectinate • Comb-like • Male glow-worms • Geniculate • Elbowed • Ants • Weevils

44. Antennal Types • Aristate • Pouch-like with lateral bristles • Flies • Lamellate • Nested plates • Scarab beetles (June bugs) • Pulmose • Feather-like • Mosquitoes • Male moths

45. (stag beetle) Sucking (fly) Chewing-sucking (carpenter bee) (moth) (weevil – beetle) (hemipteran) Piercing-sucking (mosquito) (wasp) Mouth Parts Chewing Sucking

46. Mouth Parts of the Orders Sucking • Hemiptera • Homoptera • Phthiraptera • Thysanoptera • Siphonaptera* • Diptera* • Tricoptera* • Lepidoptera* • Hymenoptera* Chewing • Collembola • Thysanura • Ephemerptera* • Odanota • Phasmida • Orthoptera • Mantodea • Blattaria • Isoptera • Dermaptera • Plecoptera • Psocoptera • Phthiraptera • Neuroptera • Coleoptera • Mecoptera • Siphonaptera* • Diptera* • Tricoptera* • Lepidoptera* • Hymenoptera* * Mouthparts are different on immature and adult forms

47. Thorax Prothorax: 1st thoracic segment 1st pair of legs

48. Thorax Mesothorax: Middle segment of thorax 2nd pair of legs 1st pair of wings (forewing)

49. Thorax Metathorax: Last segment of thorax 3rd pair of legs 2nd pair of wings (hindwings)

50. Wing Types • Tegmina • Front wings are completely leathery or parchment-like in texture • Orthoptera • Blattodea • Mantodea • Elytra • Hard, sclerotized front wings that as protect membranous hind wings • Coleoptera • Dermaptera • Hemelytra • Front wings that are leathery at the base and membranous near the tip • Hemiptera