AP REVIEW PART I COLONIZATION TO RECONSTRUCTION

1. AP REVIEW PART I COLONIZATION TO RECONSTRUCTION

2. Pre-Colonial America • Conquistadors – 3 G’s • Smallpox and the start of slavery leads to…….deaths of millions of Natives • In the new global economic system Europe has everything: • Labor • Technology • Markets • Capital • BUT?

3. Early English Settlements • Jamestown – 1607 (Virginia Company) • First successful settlement** • Joint-stock company: a group of investors who bought the right to establish New World plantations from the king • English not prepared – high death rates from starvation and disease (wife jerky) • Indian relations – one sided benefit

4. Growth of Virginia (Chesapeake Region) • John Rolfe – King tobacco • Impacts of success • Creates need for more land = end of Indians (What was this last War called?) • Creates need for more labor = indentured servants • Profitability draws more colonists • Begins southern single crop dependence • Irony of 1619 • Virginia House of Burgess (first step to self-gov) • First shipment of African slaves

5. Pilgrims and Mass Bay Company • Puritan movement in England creates need for new religion • Separatists leave England to create a new community in the Americas – Mayflower 1620 • Mayflower Compact – governments power comes from the consent of the governed

6. Mass Bay Colony • Congregationalists (change church from within ) form larger colony in 1629 (better funded & prepared) • Congregationalists and Separatists do not tolerate religious freedom (IRONIC?) • *Roger Williams banished (creates Rhode Island) • Two big things about RI • Religious freedom for all • Very Democratic • Anne Hutchinson banished for preaching antinomianism (belief that those predestined need not obey secular laws)

7. City Upon a Hill – John Winthrop • American exceptionalism is the idea that the United States and the American people hold a special place in the world, by offering opportunity and hope for humanity, derived from a unique balance of public and private interests governed by constitutional ideals that are focused on personal and economic freedom.

8. Growth of American Slavery • Indentured Servants • Primary source of labor until Bacon’s rebellion (why did they rebel?) • African Slaves • Initially expensive with similar contracts to indentured servants • Develops into ‘modern’ version with elimination of rights and permanent (hereditary) status as property • Legal in all colonies by 1700

10. Development of Proprietary Colonies (Gifts from the King) • Maryland – Lord Baltimore (Catholic) – created as a haven for Catholics became partially tolerant of Protestants (1649) • Pennsylvania – William Penn and the Quakers • Pacifist, tolerant (religious and Native American) • Carolina • North Carolina (resembles Virginia but more democratic) • South Carolina – settled by Englishmen from Barbados – slave trade rises • Eventually most proprietary colonies returned to royal ownership • NE Confederation (what was the purpose???) leads to Dominion of NE

11. More Colonies • New York – Had been New Netherland until Dutch were overtaken • Georgia – Debtor colony created to allow repayment through work

12. Regional Differences • Southern • Anglican, single crop, rural, labor dependent, shorter life span • New England • Most religious, urban & rural combination, diverse economy, longer life span, lowest labor needs • Middle • Truly middle, tolerant, independent, diverse economy, lower labor needs

13. Practice Quiz

14. Relationship between the Colonies and Britain • Policy of salutary neglect stimulates autonomy and self-government while fueling mercantilism (what is this?) (how did the British government enforce?) • European struggles for power move to America • French Indian War (fought for control over?) • Albany Plan (purpose?) • Treaty of Paris 1763 (outcome for France?) • Proclamation of 1763 (angers the colonists – why?)

15. Acts for Revenue Sugar Act (1st) Stamp Act (Most protest) Townshend Acts Acts for Control Quartering Act Declaratory Act Intolerable Act Colonial responses Stamp Act Congress Boston Massacre Sons of liberty Boston Tea Party Committees of correspondence First / Second Continental Congress Pre-Revolution Issues

16. Outcomes of American Revolution • Treaty of Paris 1783 • Independence / Territory / Resumption of Trade • New Government • Articles of Confederation • Weak = no executive, no power to tax, collect, or borrow, no power to regulate trade (BIG) • NW Ordinance • Why is this important in the long run? • Problems lead to Constitutional Convention

17. Creation of a Constitution • Compromise = Key • NJ Plan: Articles of Conf with more power • VA Plan: Three branches, bicameral leg, proportional reps • Great (Connecticut) Compromise: Proportional rep + uniform rep • 3/5 Compromise: Settles rep and tax status of slaves • No slave discussion till 1807

18. Adoption of the Constitution • Federalist vs. Antifederalist • Bill of Rights (protect who from what?) • GW – First President • Jefferson vs. Hamilton • Interpretation of the Constitution (strict vs. loose) • Assumption, National Bank, (challenge what?) • Formation of two-party system

19. #2 John Adams • Federalist Agenda • Characteristics of a Federalist • Interpretation? Foreign relations? • Peace (X,Y,Z and Convention of 1800) • Eliminate opposition (Alien & Sedition) • KY / VA resolutions = nullification • Pack the courts (Judiciary Act of 1801) • Marbury v. Madison establishes the principle of ?

20. #3 Thomas Jefferson • Revolution of 1800 • Legacy • Louisiana Purchase / Lewis & Clark • Leaves federalist programs intact • Leaves problem with France/Britain to Madison (Embargo of 1807 – causes what?)

21. MADISON Macon’s Bill No 2 War of 1812 Who supports? Who doesn’t? Treaty of Ghent Tariff of 1816 Goal? MONROE Henry Clay – American System Components? Panic of 1819 Era of Good Feelings Purpose of the name? Missouri Compromise Monroe Doctrine #4 James Madison /#5 James Monroe

22. #6 John Quincy Adams • Corrupt Bargain (Why named?) • (Clay = Sec of State) • Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abomination) • Political football – Scheme to create lose/lose for Adams • NE oks to protect industry • South deeply upset – major consumers of manufactured goods • Potential intrusion into slavery – loss of prestige/power in federal government • Calhoun authors “The Exposition” – VP (argument for?) • Policies increase voter turnout and create the “Era of the Common Man” (return to the ideals of?)

23. Ideals Jeffersonian Rags to riches Spoils system Executive leadership Union first Actions Nullification crisis (over what?) SC vs. US Indian relocation Role of the Supreme Court Bank of US #7 Andrew Jackson

24. 1830s-1860:Westward Expansion & Sectionalism • Aroostook War (who vs. who?) • Manifest Destiny (what is this?) • Why was Oregon annexed peacefully, but not Texas? (why did it take so long for Texas to be a state?) • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (who got what?) • Wilmot Proviso (purpose?)

25. MVB Harrison Tyler Polk (best example of?) Taylor Fillmore Pierce Buchanan Presidents #8-15

26. Second Great Awakening (sets the foundation for?) • Mormons (why persecuted?) • Joseph Smith • Brigham Young Utopian communities (desire for?) • Seneca Falls Convention (1848) (purpose?) Cult of domesticity (who, what?) Noah Webster (contribution?) Horace Mann (goal of public education?) People and Events

27. William Lloyd Garrison • The Liberator • Frederick Douglass • Harriet Tubman • Sojourner Truth • Whigs • Manifest Destiny • Stephen Austin • Sam Houston • Santa Ana • Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842) Gold Rush • Samuel F. B. Morse • Compromise of 1850 • Fugitive Slave Law • Underground Railroad • Harriet Beecher Stowe • Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) • Know-Nothings Dred Scott Decision More People and Events

28. The Peculiar Institution • Slavery from the viewpoint of the slave, the slaveholder, and the non-slaveholding white Southerner. • The issue of slavery in the territories. • Compare the black struggle to achieve freedom with the abolitionist struggle to free slaves. • Blacks in the North: 1790-1860. • William Lloyd Garrison-->hero or villain of the antislavery movement. • The Civil War began with the Mexican War!? • Northerners objected not to slaves but to the political and economic power and influence slavery gave the slaveholder in the national government. • Event, person, or place as a symbol of North-South division, such as Bleeding Kansas, John Brown, or the Crittenden Compromise. • Southern grievances against the North.

29. The Peculiar Institution II • North-South economic differences before the Civil War that continued unresolved after it. • The 1850s-->a decade of political sectionalism and economic nationalism. • Role of the Supreme Court in the Civil War and Reconstruction. • Breakdown of both the Whig and Democratic parties in the 1850s and rise of the third party system. • Struggle between the president and Congress for dominant political power within the federal government, 1850-1868. • States’ rights from 1790-1860 for all the sections. • When did the Civil War become inevitable and why? • What causes of the Civil War were resolved by the Civil War and Reconstruction? • Was the Republican Party consistent in its policies from the 1850s to 1877? • Accomplishments and failures of Reconstruction.