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Ethanol

Ethanol. Anthony Mirabile, Katelyn Snyder, John St. Fleur. http://www.agri-energysolutions.com/Images/ethanol%20plant%20copy.jpg. Introduction to Ethanol. Ethanol in the Future: Cellulosic vs. Grain Based Impacts the Law has on Ethanol Development of Ethanol. Ethanol. Cellulosic Ethanol

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Ethanol

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  1. Ethanol Anthony Mirabile, Katelyn Snyder, John St. Fleur http://www.agri-energysolutions.com/Images/ethanol%20plant%20copy.jpg

  2. Introduction to Ethanol • Ethanol in the Future: Cellulosic vs. Grain Based • Impacts the Law has on Ethanol • Development of Ethanol

  3. Ethanol • Cellulosic Ethanol • Chemical Reaction using Acids • Enzymatic Reaction • Corn-Based Ethanol • Ethanol in the Future http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ethanol_plant.jpg

  4. Chemical Hydrolysis • Attacking Cellulose with Acid • Mixing Acids and Sugars • Balance between acids, temperature, and heat

  5. Enzymatic Reaction • Breaking Cellulose Chains • Conditions Enzymes are used • By Products

  6. Corn-Based Ethanol • % of Ethanol in most Gas • Can be mass produced • Significance for future

  7. Geographical Impact on the Development of Ethanol • Large-scale “energy farming,” necessary to produce agricultural alcohol, requires substantial amounts of cultivated land. • Tropical regions with abundant water and land resources are perfect for ethanol production from sugarcane. • However, sugarcane plantations are not sustainable in the long-run due to depleting the soil of nutrients and carbon matter. • The U.S. is fit for corn and cellulosic ethanol; more energy balanced. http://soilcrop.tamu.edu/photogallery/cornsorghum+/images/corn%20ears.jpg http://pharm1.pharmazie.uni-greifswald.de/systematik/7_bilder/yamasaki/Sugarcane.jpg

  8. Ethanol Plants In the U.S. • Existing plants can be modified and enhanced. • Production can take place in minimally developed areas. http://www.card.iastate.edu/research/bio/tools/maps/ethanol_plants.jpg

  9. Laws/Regulations/Policies • Clean Air Act Amendment of 1990 (CAA) • The Act mandates the use of cleaner burning fuels in the smoggiest U.S. cities. • Created new market opportunities for ethanol. • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) • Developed energy requirements to distribute and disperse ethanol.

  10. Technical Impediments • Current technologies are not advanced enough to get efficiency energy out of the corn. • Better technologies are needed to take advantage of cellulose energy potential. • In specific, better enzymes are needed to increase the efficiency of cellulosic breakdown.

  11. Can the Impediments Be Overcome? • Yes! • With increased government funding, time, and research. • There is a big race going on to complete these advancements.

  12. Environmental Problems • Deforestation • Large amounts of land needed • Air pollutants (carbon dioxide in particular) are released into the atmosphere • Soil Erosion and Nutrient run-off  http://www.energyportal.eu/images/stories/news/1546_deforestation.jpg

  13. Ethanol In The Future • E 85 • Ethanol based Aviation Fuel • Ethanol Diesel • Development of Fuel Cells http://www.darvill.clara.net/altenerg/biomass.htm http://www.ncga.com/ethanol/main/energy.htm

  14. Sources • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol_fuel • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulosic_ethanol • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol_fuel_energy_balance • http://www.harvestcleanenergy.org/enews/enews_0505/enews_0505_Cellulosic_Ethanol.htm • http://www.ethanol-gec.org/corn_eth.htm • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulosic_ethanol#Development_timeline • http://www.darvill.clara.net/altenerg/biomass.htm • http://www.ncga.com/ethanol/main/energy.htm

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