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The History of Race and Gender in America

The History of Race and Gender in America. Standards Analyze the impact and changes that Reconstruction had on the historical, political and social developments of the United States. Analyze the development of voting and civil rights for all groups in the U.S. following to include:

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The History of Race and Gender in America

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  1. The History of Race and Gender in America

  2. Standards Analyze the impact and changes that Reconstruction had on the historical, political and social developments of the United States. Analyze the development of voting and civil rights for all groups in the U.S. following to include: Impact and intent of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution Segregation as enforced by Jim Crow laws following Reconstruction Analyze and evaluate key court cases (Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board of Ed., Roe v. Wade) Roles and methods of civil rights advocates The passage and effect of the voting rights legislation on minorities Native Americans and their disenfranchisement under Arizona constitution and subsequent changes made in other state constitutions Impact and reaction to the efforts to pass the Equal Rights Amendment Rise of Black Power, Brown Power, American Indian Movment, United Farm Workers

  3. Unit 1 The Beginning of Slavery in the Americas

  4. Essential Questions Why did colonists turn to slavery? Describe the phases of slavery; capture, passage, and servitude. How did the institution of slavery endure in a country where liberty was valued?

  5. Driving Questions How did pro slavery people justify their beliefs morally? What contemporary issues might be portrayed differently in the future than they are currently viewed?

  6. Study Questions 1. When was the first African slave brought to North America? (pgs. 22-26; Zinn) 2. Why did colonists in America turn to Slavery? 3. Why were Africans the race that became the enslaved race and not other races (Native Americans, indentured servants, etc.)?

  7. 4. How was slavery in Africa different from slavery in America? (pgs. 27-31) 5. Describe the conditions of capture and sale of Africans into slavery. 6. How were white servants and African slaves treated differently?

  8. 7. Give examples of how Africans resisted enslavement. (pgs. 32-38) • How profitable was slavery for slave owners? 9. Describe the system of control that slave owners developed to maintain their labor supply and way of life.

  9. 10. Why did the South become more dependent on slavery than the North? 11. What is Zinn’s point about racism?

  10. Unit 1 – Part 2 EVENTS LEADING TO THE CIVIL WAR

  11. A NUTSHELL Before 1860 the North and the South were separated by economic, political, and cultural differences that became increasingly difficult to compromise. (Concept)After the election of Abraham Lincoln several southern states seceded from the Union, an action that led to civil war in 1861

  12. Study Questions 12. What were the differences between northern and southern states before the Civil War? (120-122) 13. What were the political differences between northern and southern states before the Civil War? 18. How were differences between the North and South settled before the 1850s?

  13. 14. What did northerners think of slavery? (pgs. 145-147) 15. What did southerners think of slavery? Why the difference?

  14. 16. What effect did the Mexican – American War have on sectional differences? (pgs. 130-137) Manifest destiny – Santa Fe Trail Significance of the Alamo James K. Polk The Treaty of Guadalupe of Hidalgo 49ers

  15. 17. What was the Compromise of 1850? (pgs. 157-158) Henry Clay Fugitive Slave Act Popular sovereignty Harriet Tubman

  16. 18. What effect did Uncle Tom’s Cabin have on sectional differences? . (pgs. 158-159) • Harriet Beecher Stowe • 19. What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act? (pgs. 160-161) • Stephen Douglas –

  17. 20. Why was the Republican Party created? (pgs. 161-162 )

  18. 21. What was the Dred Scott decision? (pg. 162, 166-167) 22. What were the Lincoln-Douglas debates? (pg. 163) Lincoln’s argument Douglas’s argument

  19. 23. What happened at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia in 1859? John Brown

  20. 24. What happened in the election of 1860? (pgs. 164-165) Secession – Confederacy Jefferson Davis 25. What caused the Civil War?

  21. The Civil War and its Aftermath

  22. Standard – Analyze the impact and changes that Reconstruction had on the historical, political, and social developments of the U.S. In a Nutshell • Although Union forces seemed to possess numerous advantages, Confederate forces won several key battles in the early years of the Civil War. • After victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg, Union forces turned the tide of the war in their favor. • A period of Reconstruction began in 1865 after the Civil War ended. • The president and Congress clashed over Reconstruction policies, particularly in regard to the status of former slaves. • Reconstruction ended in 1877 when northern troops were pulled out of the South.

  23. Driving Question – What triumphs can minority groups in America celebrate today? Do these triumphs outweigh the tragedies of racism and prejudice in our country’s history? (non-linguistic representation – Generalization Organizer) Essential Question – Was Reconstruction a triumph or tragedy?

  24. Study Guide Questions • 1. What were the northern and southern strategies to win the Civil War? Pgs. 168-169 • 2. Why was the battle of Bull Run important? Pg. 169-171 • Stonewall Jackson • Robert E. Lee • Confederate morale • Northern perspective • Ulysses S. Grant

  25. 3. Why did southerners think “King Cotton” would win the war? pgs. __171__ • Great Britain • Neutrality • 4. What was the Emancipation Proclamation? Pg. 172 • “weapon of war”

  26. 5. According to your textbook, why is the year 1863 considered the turning point of the Civil War? pgs. 175-179 • Vicksburg • Gettysburg • The Gettysburg Address

  27. 6. What was “total war”? pgs. 180-181 • William Sherman • Atlanta, Georgia. • 7. When did the Civil War end? Pgs. 181 • Appomattox • “What General Lee’s feelings were I do not know…My own feelings, which had been quite jubilant…were sad and depressing. I felt like anything rather than rejoicing at the downfall of a foe who had fought so long and gallantly…The much talked of surrendering of Lee’s sword and my handing it back, this and much more that had been said about it is the purest romance.”

  28. 8. What were some results of the Civil War? (pgs. 181 – 183 • John Wilkes Booth • 13th Amendment 9. What political questions needed to be answered with the U.S. government’s Reconstruction policy?

  29. 10. What were the Reconstruction policies of the Lincoln-Johnson administrations? Pgs. 185 • 11. What were the Reconstruction policies of Congress? • 14th Amendment • Reconstruction Acts of 1867

  30. 12. Why was President Johnson impeached? Pg. 186 • 13. What effect did the election of Ulysses S. Grant have on Reconstruction policies? (pgs. 186-189) • 15th Amendment • Carpetbaggers • Scalawags • Sharecroppers • Hiram Revels • Enforcement Acts of 1870-71

  31. 14. What effect did the election of 1876 have on Reconstruction policies? (pg. 189

  32. The Civil Rights Movement 1954-1978

  33. In a Nutshell • In the 1950s, the Supreme Court ruled against racial segregation and put the weight of constitutional law behind the demand for civil rights. • From the mid – 1950s to the mid -1960s the fight for civil rights was led primarily by leaders advocating nonviolence and civil disobedience. • In the mid -1960s Congress passed laws promoting civil rights and voting rights. These laws strengthened the federal government’s power to regulate state governments denial of civil rights. • In the late 1960s the United States experienced many violent protests and race riots. • In the 1970s debates over civil rights centered around the issues of busing and affirmative action.

  34. Driving Question – What triumphs can minority groups in America celebrate today? Do these triumphs outweigh the tragedies of racism and prejudice in our country’s history? (non-linguistic representation – Generalization Organizer) Essential Question – How did the African American Movement impact other minority groups?

  35. Study Guide Questions • 1. What was the legal status of African – Americans before 1954? (Pgs. 700 – 701) • Civil Rights Act of 1875 • Plessy v. Ferguson 2. What set the stage for a civil rights movement? (pgs. 702)

  36. 3. How did Brown v. the Board of Education change the legal status of African – Americans? (pgs. 702-703) • Thurgood Marshall • 4. What happened in Little Rock, Arkansas in 1957? (pgs. 703-704) • Elizabeth Eckford

  37. 5. When and how did the Civil Rights Movement begin moving toward direct action and civil disobedience? (704-707) Rosa Parks Martin Luther King Jr. • What is civil disobedience? Southern Christian Leadership Conference Sit-ins

  38. “At the time I was arrested I had no idea it would turn into this. It was just a day like any other day. The only thing that made it significant was that the masses of the people joined in.” • “It was not pre-arranged. It just happened that the driver made a demand and I just didn't feel like obeying his demand. I was quite tired after spending a full day working.” • “Have you ever been hurt and the place tries to heal a bit, and you just pull the scar off of it over and over again.”

  39. 7. What was the March on Washington? (pgs. 710-714) • James Merideth • Freedom riders • John F. Kennedy

  40. “I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal." • I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. • I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. • I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. • I have a dream today.”

  41. When did Congress pass civil rights legislation and what did it require? (Pgs. 714-716) Civil Rights Act of 1964 Voting Rights Act of 1965 The Civil Rights Act of 1968

  42. 9. What happened to the Civil Rights Movement in the late 1960s? (Pgs. 717-721) • Nation of Islam? • Black Panthers?

  43. 10. Who assassinated Martin Luther King Jr.? When was he assassinated? (pgs 721)

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