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SSS Science Team Meeting

SSS Science Team Meeting. 1300 - 1500 Tuesday , 17 December 2013 NCWCP Room 2554-2555 Dial-in 800-369-1141; passcode 30810 Eric Bayler. Agenda. Introduction / SSS Notes – Eric Bayler Aquarius Update – Tony Lee Aquarius validation – Simon Yueh SSS Data and Products

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SSS Science Team Meeting

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  1. SSS Science Team Meeting 1300 - 1500 Tuesday, 17 December 2013 NCWCP Room 2554-2555 Dial-in 800-369-1141; passcode30810 Eric Bayler NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q1

  2. Agenda • Introduction / SSS Notes – Eric Bayler • Aquarius Update – Tony Lee • Aquarius validation – Simon Yueh • SSS Data and Products • Near-real-time SSS data • NODC Update – Yongsheng Zhang • NOAA CoastWatch/OceanWatch Update HengGu • SSS QA – Li Ren • EMC Update • S4 HYCOM SSSS investigation • Preliminary MOM4 SSS data assimilation results • Open Discussion • Adjourn NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q1

  3. SSS Notes • JGR Salinity Special Section: • “Early scientific results from the salinity measuring satellites Aquarius/SAC-D and SMOS” • Call for Papers submission window EXTENDED to : 28 Feb 2014 • 6thWMO Data Assimilation Symposium (NCWCP, 7-11 Oct 2013) • Oral Presentation: “Preliminary Results from Assimilating SMOS-mission Satellite Sea-Surface Salinity Fields in an NCEP Operational Ocean Forecast System”; Bayler, Nadiga, Mehra, Behringer • WITHDRAWN due to NOAA travel policies/processes/restrictions • GODAE/OceanView (GOV) Symposium (NCWCP, 4-6 Nov 2013) • POSTER: “Preliminary Results from Assimilating SMOS Satellite Sea-Surface Salinity Fields in an NCEP Operational Ocean Forecast System” • Reduced participation due to NOAA travel policies/processes/restrictions • AGU 2014 Ocean Sciences Meeting (23-28 Feb 2014, Honolulu, HI) • Session: Ocean salinity and water cycle variability and change • Oral – Bayler, Nadiga, Behringer, Mehra, “ Sensitivity and verification study of the assimilation of satellite sea-surface salinity fields in an NCEP operational ocean forecast system.” NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q1

  4. Aquarius PI Update NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q1

  5. Summary of The 8th Aquarius/SAC-D Science Team meeting Nov. 12-14, 2013, Buenos Aires, Argentina • Website for agenda & oral/posterpresentations: • http://sarmiento.conae.gov.ar/index.php/es/component/content/article/34-misiones-satelitales/sac-d/530-8va-reunion-presentaciones-y-posters • Meeting program: • Opening/welcome presentations • Overview of science and retrieval • Aquarius product evaluation • Aquarius science presentations • MWR & Aquarius processing (parallel breakout)

  6. Data Versions Update • Version 1: (Sep 2011) Initial calibration, but showed a calibration drift in the following months • Version 1.3: (Apr 2012) Deflection Ratio (DR) calibration algorithm corrected drift and some variations, but left residual quasi-monthly oscillations. • Version 2.0: (Feb 2013) Current operational version. Pointing correction applied. Empirical calibration method corrected quasi monthly oscillations. SSS errors are primarily seasonal residuals of the galaxy correction. • Version 3.0: (Jan 2014) Corrects galaxy residual error. Improved wind roughness correction. Updated data quality flags. Reduced warm and cold end calibration biases. Next key problem is RFI. • Version 4.0 (TBD 2014) Add MWR rain correction. Address RFI (somehow). Improve L3 gridding algorithms (resolution, de-biasing, …), other updates.

  7. Improved Corrections for the Galaxy term in the next data version, January 2014 Old: V2.0 New: V3.0 May Asc-Dsc Maps: 2012 T. Meissner, Remote Sensing Systems RFI 2013

  8. Aquarius ascending - descending Hsun-Ying Kao, ESR V2.0 V2.5.1

  9. V2.5.1 Over most of the ocean STD is less than 0.1 psu Ascending-Descending Differences V2.0 Oleg Melnichenko, U. Hawaii 24-month average (Sep 2011-Aug 2013), psu standard deviation, psu Bin-averaging of Aquarius data within 4o x 4o bins centered on a global grid with the grid spacing of 2o.

  10. V2.5.1 Over most of the ocean STD is less than 0.2 psu Aquarius-Argo Differences standard deviation, psu Oleg Melnichenko, U. Hawaii V2.0 Ascending Descending Bin-averaging of Aquarius and Argo data within 8o x 8o bins centered on a global grid with the grid spacing of 4o.

  11. Aquarius Science Mission Timeline 7th Aquarius/SAC-D Science Meeting 11-13 April 2012 Joint SMOS-Aquarius Workshop, Brest 15-17 April 2013 8th Aquarius/SAC-D Science Meeting 12-14 Nov 2013 NASA Begin Prime Mission 1 Dec 2011 Aquarius V1.3 Data Apr 2012 Aquarius 1 Year of Data 25 Aug 2012 Aquarius V2.0 Validated Data 25 Feb 2013 Aquarius 2 Years of Data 25 Aug 2013 Launch 10 June 2011 Aquarius on 25 Aug 2011 First Image 22 Sep 2011 NASA PLAR 10 Nov 2011 Webinar 29-30 Jan 2013 2011 2012 2013 10 Month Interim Extension 2014 2015 2016 2-Year Extended Mission … Aquarius V3.0 Validated Data January 2014 Aquarius V4.0 Validated Data TBD 2014 Science Meeting, Seattle September 2014(TBC) NASA Extended Mission Senior Review Proposal Spring 2015 NASA End of Prime Mission 30 Nov 2014 NASA 2-Year Extended Mission Begins 1 Oct 2015

  12. Aquarius SSS ValidationComparison with ARGO (JAMSTEC)S. Yueh and W. Tang 40S-40N 90S-90N

  13. Background • During the Aquarius-SACD science team meeting, Drs. Abe and Ebuchi’s analysis showed that the RMSD of CAP 2.5.1 and JAMSTEC ARGO has reached as low as 0.18 psu between 40N and 40S. • We repeated their analysis to confirm their results.

  14. 0.18 psu

  15. Aquarius CAP SSS in general has larger interannual variability

  16. Summary • CAP V2.5.1 (pre V3.0) • Improved APC and Faraday rotation correction • Improved galactic reflection correction • Updated geophysical model function • Include rain-corrected SSS • RMS Difference between SSS_CAP_RC and ARGO-JAMSTEC has reached 0.18-0.23 psu between 40N and 40S • CAP has stronger inter-annual variation than the RSS algorithm • This is most likely due to the influence of climatology on the RSS algorithm • CAP V2.5.1 (pre v3.0) will be available through PO.DAAC soon

  17. Comparison of CAP and RSS Algorithms • Analysis: • σ(CAP L2)>σ(RSS L2). • However RMSD(RSS L3-ARGO_JAMSTEC)>RMSD(CAP L3-ARGO_JAMSTEC). • RSS v2.5.1 or v3.0 uses a priori monthly climatology (Sc) to constrain the solution through a two-step cost function optimization. The final solution is effectively a weighted average (or a low-pass filtering.) at any time t. • The standard deviation of S(t)=a Std(Saq) of L2 products • Cannot directly compare CAP and RSS L2 products Interannual variation for RSSS L2: • Caution: Using the RSS v3.0 or AQ V2.3.1 and V2.5.1 to study the interannual variability requires 1/a calibration • Not a constant adjustment: a=a(SSS,SST,W)

  18. SSS Data & Products NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q1

  19. SSS Near-real-time Data • Aquarius near-real-time data stream needed for data assimilation, even if data is of lesser quality. • PODAAC data has 30-40 day latency. • 1-month latency renders Aquarius data unusable for near-real-time modeling. • OPTIONS? NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q1

  20. NOAA NODC Update • Near-real-time production/distribution of experimental NODC binned SSS products imminent. • FY14 plan to develop 1.0-degree binned data for the Aquarius Combined Active-Passive (CAP) algorithm Level-2 data • NODC experimental “operational” products • SMOS (v2) level-3 binned monthly and 3-day average data published at CoastWatch. • Aquarius (v2) level-3 binned monthly and 7-day average data published at CoastWatch. • FY2014 efforts and outputs: • Develop level-3 binned monthly and 7-day average data from Aquarius for CAP (V2, V3?) granules • Reprocess Aquarius (v3) level-3 binned data • Realize full automation in processing all NODC experimental level-3 binned data from SMOS and Aquarius level-2 products in NOAA SSS “processor” directory • Complete data archive and distribution of all NODC-generated level-3 binned SMOS and Aquarius (v2) at NODC via http, ftp, OPeNDAP, and THREDDS • Implement SMOS and Aquarius SSS data monitoring on level-2 granules • Document product generation processes, workflow, and codes. NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q1

  21. NOAA NODC Update Near-real-time production/distribution of experimental NODC binned SSS products imminent. FY14 plan to develop 1.0-degree binned data for the Aquarius Combined Active-Passive (CAP) algorithm Level-2 data NODC experimental “operational” products SMOS and Aquarius (v2) level-3 binned monthly and 3-day (7-day) average data have been published at CoastWatch. FY2014 efforts and outputs: Develop level-3 binned monthly and 7-day average data from Aquarius for CAP (V2, V3?) granules Reprocess Aquarius (v3) level-3 binned data Realize full automation in processing all NODC experimental level-3 binned data from SMOS and Aquarius level-2 products in NOAA SSS “processor” directory Complete data archive and distribution of all NODC-generated level-3 binned SMOS and Aquarius (v2) at NODC via http, ftp, OPeNDAP, and THREDDS Implement SMOS and Aquarius SSS data monitoring on level-2 granules Document product generation processes, workflow and codes. NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q1

  22. CoastWatch NetCDF, geotiff and png browsing images generated and posted on CoastWatch/OceanWatch, currently through 23 Nov 2014. • Pending imminent automation for full near-real-time availability. NOAA CoastWatch/OceanWatch:Sea Surface Salinity Products Update NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q1

  23. Aquarius SSS Products • NODC 7 day binned Aquarius SSS products have been posted on CoastWatch website since Oct 2013 • Including NetCDF data file, Geotiff image and PNG browsing image NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q1

  24. SMOS SSS Products • NODC 3 day binned SMOS SSS products have been posted on CoastWatch website since Oct 2013 • Including NetCDF data file, Geotiff image and PNG browsing image NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q1

  25. Satellite Sea-Surface Salinity Quality Monitoring(4SQM)Update Li Ren Eric Bayler NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q1

  26. Updates • Continuing the statistical analysis of Aquarius and SMOS L2 SSS • HovmollerDiagram • Time Series • Web developments • Histograms • Hovomollerdiagram

  27. Hovmoller Diagram Mean Median

  28. Time Series of Aquarius L2 Cap 2.0 SSS

  29. Web Page Development: Histograms

  30. Web Page Development: Hovmoller

  31. FY 2014 Q2 Plan • Finish SMOS satellite L2 statistical analysis • Develop the time series feature on the webpage • Compare the SMOS and Aquarius L2 SSS • Maps • Histograms • Hovmoller diagram • Time Series

  32. EMC Update NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q1

  33. Satellite Ocean Data Assimilation Capability: S4 SSS Effort • Project Description: • Port NCEP’s global HYCOM model (RTOFS) to the S4 (at University of Wisconsin) for ocean data assimilation development • 1/4th-degree and 1/12th-degree horizontal resolution models ported to facilitate development and operational evaluation • Development of coupled GFS(within NEMS) and HYCOM model using ESMF NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q1

  34. The model: 1/4 oglobal HYCOM model Experiment one: HYCOM was run using CFSR forcing with PHC SSS relaxation from 2010 to 2012 Experiment two: HYCOM was run using CFSR forcing without PHC SSS relaxation from 2010 to 2012

  35. NW Pacific N Atlantic

  36. NW Pacific N Atlantic

  37. Preliminary Results from AssimilatingSMOS Satellite Sea-Surface Salinity (SSS) FieldsUsing the GODAS MOM4 Operational Model Eric Bayler, NESDIS/STAR Dave Behringer, NWS/NCEP/EMC AvichalMehra, NWS/NCEP/EMC SudhirNadiga, IMSG @ NWS/NCEP/EMC NWS/NCEP/EMC/MMAB Seminar

  38. Motivation • To understand the impact of satellite sea-surface salinity (SSS) data on the representativeness of ocean modeling with the objective of quasi-near-real-time assimilation of SSS data. • Recently available satellite sea-surface salinity (SSS) fields provide important global data for assimilating into ocean forecast systems. • The use of daily satellite SSS fields is compared to the current operational use of the annual-mean climatological SSS field. • SSS data (from the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Soil Moisture – Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission) • Assimilated into NOAA’s operational seasonal-interannual ocean model using a relaxation technique • Sensitivity experiments run with different relaxation time periods to evaluate the importance of high-frequency (mesoscale) and low-frequency (seasonal) SSS variability on the ocean’s overall state. NWS/NCEP/EMC/MMAB Seminar

  39. Satellite Sea-Surface Salinity (SSS) Data • NOAA World Ocean Atlas (WOA, 2009) • Annual-mean SSS • 1.0-degree resolution, interpolated to model grid • SMOS Barcelona Expert Centre (SMOS-BEC) • Gridded SSS fields for 2010-2012 • 0.25-degree resolution • 3-day average (global coverage) • Updated every 3 days • Interpolated to model grid NWS/NCEP/EMC/MMAB Seminar

  40. Model • NCEP’s operational GODAS near-global Modular Ocean Model v.4 (MOM4) • 0.5-degree resolution • Forced with daily NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR; Sahaet al., 2010) • Relaxed to daily satellite sea surface temperature (SST) fields. • All runs were initiated from the same ocean initial condition • Model runs were for 2010-2012 only. NWS/NCEP/EMC/MMAB Seminar

  41. SSS Cases • CTRL30DY • Relaxed to WORLD OCEAN ATLAS in situ annual-mean SSS • Relaxation period = 30 days • loosely constrained • WOA9_12mth30DY • Relaxed to WORLD OCEAN ATLAS in situ annual cycle of SSS monthly means • Relaxation period = 30 days • loosely constrained • Operational configuration • SMOS30DY • Relaxed to SMOS-BEC Daily SSS • Interpolated from 3-day SSS • Relaxation period = 30 days • loosely constrained • SMOS10DY • Relaxed to SMOS-BEC Daily SSS • Interpolated from 3-day SSS • Relaxation period=10 days • tightly constrained NWS/NCEP/EMC/MMAB Seminar

  42. Satellite Sea-Surface Salinity (SSS) Fields WOA Annual Mean SMOS – WOA (annual) Sea-surface Salinity: World Ocean Atlas (WOA) 2009 annual mean climatology; SSS Difference: SMOS-daily SSS mean (Jun – Aug 2010) minus WOA annual-mean SSS, SMOS-daily SSS mean (Nov 2010 – Jan 2011) minus WOA annual-mean SSS. SMOS-daily Equatorial-mean SSS (5°S – 5°N) minus WOA annual-mean SSS a Practical Salinity Scale (PSS) SMOS (Jun-Aug) – WOA (annual) SMOS (Nov-Jan) – WOA (annual) b c Practical Salinity Scale (PSS) Practical Salinity Scale (PSS) d Practical Salinity Scale (PSS) NWS/NCEP/EMC/MMAB Seminar

  43. Model Sensitivity to SSSEquatorial Pacific Ocean (5°S – 5°N, 170°W – 120°W) SMOS30DY – WOA9_12m30DY: Temperature SMOS10DY – SMOS30DY: Temperature SMOS30DY – WOA9_12m30DY: Salinity SMOS10DY – SMOS30DY: Salinity a b c d Temperature Difference (°C) Temperature Difference (°C) Salinity Difference (PSS) Salinity Difference (PSS) Temporal model vertical response of temperature and salinity to SSS assimilation and different relaxation periods. • Broader equatorial Pacific Ocean response (representative of 2010 through 2012) • Greatest temperature differences due to SSS differences typically found in the near-surface at or above the average depth of the 200C isotherm. • Salinity differences much shallower, typically about 50 m depth. • When using the SMOS data, tightening the relaxation period to 10 days produces an additional impact of about the same magnitude as using daily SSS values in place of annual-mean values. NWS/NCEP/EMC/MMAB Seminar

  44. Model Sensitivity to SSSEquatorial Pacific Ocean (5°S – 5°N, 170°W – 120°W) Average Temperature Difference RMS Temperature Difference Average Salinity Difference RMS Salinity Difference a b c d Temperature Difference (°C) Temperature Difference (°C) Salinity Difference × 2 (PSS) Salinity Difference × 2 (PSS) • Model vertical response of temperature and salinity to SSS assimilation. • Vertical difference (SMOS30DY minus WOA9_12m30DY) • The seasonal thermocline is indicated in each plot by the mean depth of the 200C isotherm (shown in a red line). • Broader equatorial Pacific Ocean response (representative of 2010 through 2012): • With respect to the equatorial Pacific Ocean, the most significant salinity-induced temperature differences were clustered along the 200C isotherm in the eastern half of the Pacific Ocean. • The most significant salinity differences occurred in the Western Pacific Ocean warm pool, produced by freshening consistent with elevated precipitation in that region. NWS/NCEP/EMC/MMAB Seminar

  45. Model Sensitivity to SSSEquatorial Pacific Ocean (5°S – 5°N , 170°W – 120°W) SMOS30DY – WOA9_12m30DY: SSH SMOS30DY – WOA9_12m30DY: Normalized SSH SMOS10DY – SMOS30DY: SSH SMOS10DY – SMOS30DY: Normalized SSH Height (cm) Percent (%) Height (cm) Percent (%) Sea-surface height differences of model responses to SSS assimilation and different SSS relaxation periods. Normalizations are as a percentage of the variance in CTRL30DY. • Broader equatorial Pacific Ocean response (representative of 2010 through 2012): • Reflection of the impact of the SSS differences on modeled sea-surface height (SSH), both in terms of height difference (cm) and percentage of CNTRL30DY SSH variability. • SSH differences appear to manifest as sets of equatorial waves, notably intensifying with the tightening of the relaxation period. NWS/NCEP/EMC/MMAB Seminar

  46. Verification: Sea-surface Salinity (SSS) SSS RMSE: SMOS30DY SSS RMSE: WOA9_12m30DY SSS RMSE: CTRL30DY a b c Sea-surface Salinity Difference (PSS) • Verification for the equatorial Pacific Ocean, using RMS differences with respect to SMOS sea-surface salinity observations (Practical Salinity Scale (PSS)): • CNTRL30DY (uses in situ annual mean SSS) • WOA9_12M30DY (uses in situ annual cycle of monthly means) • SMOS30DY (uses daily satellite SSS) NWS/NCEP/EMC/MMAB Seminar

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