1 / 22

History & Development of Chinese Political Culture

History & Development of Chinese Political Culture. Impact of Geography. 3 rd largest nation in the world (land surface) Supports the world’s largest population (1.3 billion). Impact of Geography. Demographics

zeke
Download Presentation

History & Development of Chinese Political Culture

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. History & Development of Chinese Political Culture

  2. Impact of Geography • 3rd largest nation in the world (land surface) • Supports the world’s largest population (1.3 billion)

  3. Impact of Geography • Demographics 1.) Rugged terrain in the west, created population centers in the more favorable lands of the east 2.) Geographic/climatic differences splits north and south

  4. Impact of Geography Illustration - Location of China’s Dynasties

  5. Impact of Geography 3.) China’s Isolation from the World • Mountain ranges, deserts, and oceans create an ‘island effect’ of China from the rest of the world

  6. Important Time Periods of China 1)Dynastic China • For over 3,600 years China was ruled by authoritarian emperors; people as subjects

  7. Important Time Periods of China 1)Dynastic China • For over 3,600 years China was ruled by authoritarian emperors; people as subjects • Emperors’ legitimacy was established through the Mandate of Heaven (Right to Rule; God’s favor) • Government/Political change occurred according to the Dynastic Cycle (handout)

  8. Important Time Periods of China 1)Dynastic China • Mandate of Heaven & the Dynastic Cycle

  9. Important Time Periods of China 1)Dynastic China • The philosophy of Confucianism greatly shaped Chinese politics • Confucian Principles • Strong family loyalty • Ancestor worship • Respect of Elders by the Young • Order & Harmony • Emphasis on knowledge & acceptance • Democratic Centralism? Confucius Chinese thinker and social philosopher during the 6th century B.C.E.

  10. Important Time Periods of China 2) Zhongguo – “The Middle Kingdom” • (Geographically China developed relatively isolated) • Middle Kingdom (central country) – the belief that China was the center of civilization • Resisted Imperialism movement • Foreigners were seen as barbarians/devils and had little to offer ‘superior’ China • Developed Strong Chinese Nationalistic Pride • Role in Foreign Exploration – Little/No Chinese Involvement

  11. Important Time Periods of China 3) Republic of China • The Qing Dynasty was devastated by foreign influence, internal rebellions and famine. • Republic of China(1912-1949) • Chinese reformers ended the dynastic rule of China • 2 Different Directions (Chinese Civil War) • Chiang Kai-shek tried to transform China into a modern, democratic state • Mao Zedong tried to instill Communism in China • “The Long March” • After Japanese rule ended after WWII, Mao and the Communists eventually prevailed

  12. Important Time Periods of China 4) People’s Republic of China (1949-1996) • The Communist PRC was led by Mao Zedong • How did Mao’s view of Communism differ from Marx’s and Lenin’s/Soviets’? • Mao’s Communist China was much more egalitarian than Soviet Russia and based on the strength of the peasant farmer/worker

  13. Important Time Periods of China 4) People’s Republic of China (1949-1996) • 3 Phases • The Soviet Model (1949-1957) • U.S.S.R. supported Chinese Communism • Encouraged land reform (re-distribution) and 5-year plans of industrialization and collectivization • The Great Leap Forward (1958-1966) • Mao wanted Chinese independence from U.S.S.R. and wanted to create an egalitarian society • De-centralized power, ‘people’ in charge of government, emphasized agricultural development • Mao’s Great Leap Forward was ultimately unsuccessful

  14. Important Time Periods of China 4) People’s Republic of China (1949-1996) • 3 Phases 3. The Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) • An aggressive reform plan whose main goal was to remove all vestiges of old China • Included radical political, social, and economic change based on Mao’s Core Philosophies (handout)

  15. Mao Zedong’s Core Philosophies 1.) Ethic of Struggle • Encouraged the people to actively pursue the values of socialism, something that would require struggle and devotion 2.) Mass Line • A line of communication between party leaders, members, and peasants. Teaching and listening was every level’s responsibility 3.) Collectivism • Valuing the good of the community above that of the individual 4.) Egalitarianism • Equality; opposite of traditional organization of Chinese/Confucian societies 5.) Self-Reliance • Don’t rely on government/elites, people should rely on their own talents to contribute

  16. Important Time Periods of China 4) People’s Republic of China (1949-1996) • 3 Phases 3. The Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) • An aggressive reform plan that included radical political, social, and economic change based on Mao’s Core Philosophies (handout) • Allowed for some market-oriented polices • Tried to remove all vestiges of old China, its hierarchical bureaucracy, and inequality • Ex.) Scholars worked in the fields, universities & libraries were destroyed; everyone received basic education (read & write) nothing more.

  17. Important Time Periods of China 5) Deng Xiaoping’s Modernizations (1978-1997) • Turned around the Chinese economy through socialist planning and capitalist free market “It doesn’t matter whether a cat is white or black, as long as it catches mice” • Four Modernizations – focused on industry, agriculture, science, and the military • Open Door Trade Policy • Reforms in Education (reversal of Cultural Revolution) • Institutionalization of the Revolution • Restoring legal system and bureaucracy of ‘old China’; decentralizing government, infusion capitalism

More Related