Hematolymphatic system(HLS)

1. Anatomy Lab 1 DONE BY:AtiqaDahalan ATYAF GROUP (2007) أطياف بتضلها أطياف Hematolymphatic system(HLS)

2. DISCLAIMER • The content of this slides may vary from what you discuss from your lab. • The pictures may or may not be the same as what you see in lab because some of them are obtained from the internet. • The best reference will still be your notes and books.

3. Red blood corpuscles • Circular • Pallor in the center [light area] • Reddish periphery [because you have good amount of Hb] • Invisible pallor due to overlapping of RBCs • We won’t see nucleus in RBCs of peripheral blood film.

4. Lymphocytes • Circular, no indentation of nucleus • Condensed chromatin • Circular nucleus • We don’t know if there is granule from blood film. • We may have large, intermediate and small lymphocytes.

5. Lymphocyte [cont’d] • Large lymphocytes have larger cytoplasm • We can’t differentiate between B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and NK cells. • Lymphocytes = rim of cytoplasm + circular nucleus.

6. Neutrophils • Characters of neutrophils in order of priority • Segmented nucleus • 2 types of granules in cytoplasm [azurophilic & specific] • Blue cytoplasm [granules stained blue]

7. Sickle cell RBCs • They have plasma membrane and Hb • Instead of HbA they have Hb S • These cells become less flexible • Blocked in narrow capillaries

8. Sickle cell RBC • Thick in center, thin in periphery • Even if you tilt a normal RBC you will not see it like this • Normal RBC (rear view) • To prove this, take a doughnout and take a look at it. • Normal RBC (x-section) • Thin in center, thick at periphery.

9. Basophils • characteristics of basophils: • Circular dark granules • Lobes of nucleus • Granules cause vision of nucleus unobvious • Try outlining the nucleus with a pencil – YOU CANT!

10. Basophils [T.E.M] • Looks like mast cells • Common characteristics : histamine • Note the shape of the granules

11. Eosinophils • Characteristics • Red granules • Bilobed • Circular • p/s: you can still outline the nucleus

12. Eosinophil Granules • Crystalline dark center • Lighten periphery • In the exam if you see this, you don’t need the nucleus to say this is EOSINOPHIL.

13. NEUTROPHIL GRANULES • Here we can see two types of granules • This cell is screaming • “I AM A NEUTROPHIL”

14. More RBCs !!! • Sometimes, we see small pallor not because of defect but the RBC is tiltted! • See this dot. • It is a ribosome [refer to erythropoiesis]. This ribosome makes globin, and near maturity this RBC is left with few ribosome • it is normal because we can have up to 1-2% of reticulocytes.

15. Blood platelets • Clump of platelets • Their size are much smaller than RBCs • They are dark in center and lighter in periphery due to presence of granules • p/s: note those stacking RBCs

16. Platelets [Cont’d] • Granules are usually in the center • We have canalicular system in platelets. It is like a sponge; empty spaces here and there. • This is for a very efficient physiology of secreting platelets factors. • Sometimes we can hardly see granules in platelets because they had secreted the granules’ content.

17. Platelets [cont’d] • Activated platelets send arms

18. Colony Forming Unit - RBC • Size : getting smaller • Nucleus : smaller & denser • Cytoplasm : lesser • In prerythroblast nucleolus is visible. • How do we know it it RBC CFC? • Change of cell color to more red. Other colony doesn’t have change in color.

20. Proerythroblast • Largest • Large nucleus and not condensed • Bluish cytoplasm [ increasing basophilic material ribosome • Pro : before; erythro : RBC; blast : having some features • Basophilic normoblast • Nucleus much more condensed • Cytoplasm becomes more blue • Polychromatic normoblast – very obvious change in color • Orthochromatic normoblast • Near to normal • Almost mostly Hb, while ribosomes getting smaller • Small nucleus • Reticulocyte • Erythrocyte