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Settlement & Foundation of the Original 13 Colonies

Settlement & Foundation of the Original 13 Colonies. Discovery. Columbus found “America” in 1492 Various expeditions afterwards with European nations Trying to find and claim land. British Colonies in North America. Roanoke Colony 1585 – 1 st Attempt

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Settlement & Foundation of the Original 13 Colonies

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  1. Settlement & Foundation of the Original 13 Colonies

  2. Discovery • Columbus found “America” in 1492 • Various expeditions afterwards with European nations • Trying to find and claim land

  3. British Colonies in North America • Roanoke Colony • 1585 – 1st Attempt -Settlers starved & abandoned to go back to England • 1587 – 2nd Attempt -1590 Supply crew returned & found deserted colony -CROATOAN carved on tree -Lost Colony **Both present-day North Carolina

  4. Jamestown • Present-day Virginia • 1st successful colony in North America • Permanent • John Rolfe saved the colony by learning to plant & export tobacco.

  5. Colonial Regions • New England • Middle Colonies • Southern

  6. New England Colonies • Massachusetts • New Hampshire • Connecticut • Rhode Island

  7. Plymouth Colony • 1st successful colony in New England • Founded by Puritans who wanted a purer church • Were persecuted in Europe

  8. Massachusetts Bay Colony • Very close to Plymouth • Everyone had to be Puritan • No religious tolerance • Would merge w/ Plymouth colony to form Massachusetts colony

  9. Salem Witch Trials • 1692 Salem, Mass. • Teenage girls accused several older women of being witches • 20 men & women were executed • Religious fervor

  10. Other New England Colonies • Rhode Island: Roger Williams founded for religious freedom • Connecticut: Thomas Hooker also for religious freedom • Religious Dissent • Split from other colonies for REAL religious freedom • Joint-Stock Companies: Got charters from the King to found & govern the colony. • Made money

  11. Economy of New England Colonies • Small farms, now slaves • Lots of towns & big cities • Depended on trade with Europe • Boston was biggest city w/ great harbor • Fishing & shipbuilding

  12. Middle Colonies • New York • New Jersey • Delaware • Pennsylvania • Proprietary Colony • Granted by King or Queen to group or person • Could make laws & rules as they wished

  13. Pennsylvania • William Penn as a haven for Quakers • Religious toleration

  14. Economy of Middle Colonies • Mixture of farming & commerce/trade • New York City & Philadelphia were biggest cities in all of North America

  15. Southern Colonies • Virginia • Maryland • North Carolina • South Carolina • Georgia

  16. Maryland • Haven for Catholics by Lord Baltimore • Maryland Toleration Act: Protect Catholics from religious persecution b/c so many Puritans moved there

  17. Georgia • Founded for debtors from England as 2nd chance by James Oglethorpe • No alcohol

  18. Economy of Southern Colonies • Plantation System • Cash crops grown for profit • VA & NC = Tobacco • Virginia Company • Joint-stock company • SC & GA = Rice • 40% of population were slaves • SC had more slaves that citizens

  19. Middle Passage • Triangular Trade • Route between Africa, Americas & Europe • Slave ships • 1450-1850, 12 million Africans exported from Africa on Slave ships

  20. Rights in New Colonies • Land Ownership • Colonists thought land should be owned & used • Native Americans thought land should be shared & conserved • Other Rights • Women: 2nd class citizens; could NOT vote or own land • Slaves: NO rights; considered property • Native Americans: NO rights; not citizens • Indentured Servants • Voyage to colonies was paid in exchange for a period of ‘indenture’ • Promise to work for person for a specific period of time • 7 years

  21. Roots of American Democracy

  22. Magna Carta • 1215 • Guaranteed: • Equal treatment under the law for nobles • Trial by jury of peers • Even King is subject to laws

  23. British Parliament (1264) • 1st English legislature • Representatives made laws • By 1300s Parliament was running day-to-day functions of British gov’t • Not the King

  24. English Bill of Rights - 1689 • Parliament wrote list of basic rights for all English people • Limited the King’s power • Parliament had to approve some things before the King could do them

  25. Glorious Revolution – 1688 • Peaceful transfer of power in England • Parliament gave King James the boot & gave power to his daughter • Mary & hubby William • Agreed to rule w/ Parliament

  26. Common Law • Laws developed by judges through court decisions • Precedent: When judges use rulings from previous cases to rule of current case • Court rules the same way to resolve similar cases • Over time, written laws develop

  27. Using English ideas of Government in American Colonies

  28. VA House of Burgesses 1619 • Beginning of self-government in colonies • Established 1st representative-democracy in colonies • 2 representatives from each county meet w/ Kings appointed leaders

  29. Mayflower Compact • Pilgrims written plan for government • Established Direct Democracy • Each person get 1 vote • Majority rule

  30. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut • 1st written constitution in colonies • Representative government • Rights of the Individual • All free men can vote • Secret, paper ballot • Limited gov’t

  31. Social Contract Theory • John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau • Relationship b/t people & government • Consent of the governed • People agree to unite into groups & agree to follow laws & accept duties • Live peacefully together • Gov’t provides protection & services

  32. Town Meetings • Direct Democracy • Locals meet to make rules, decisions or budgets

  33. Bacon’s Rebellion • Revolt in Virginia led by Nathaniel Bacon • High taxes, low tobacco prices, favoritism to rich • Royal governor didn’t protect people against Indian attacks • Bacon took over the capital -Jamestown

  34. Albany Plan of Union • Ben Franklin • Proposed forming a “union” of the colonies “under 1 government” • Mostly for defense • Presidential General would oversee the Union

  35. Different Ideas About Self-Government • Majority Rule • Self-government • Limited Government • Rebellion

  36. Majority Rule • 51% of vote • Basis for Democracy

  37. Natural Rights • Idea that every citizen has the guarantee to certain rights

  38. Self-Government • People govern themselves • Mostly by voting • Direct Democracy • Representative Democracy

  39. Limited Government • Powers of government are limited by a governing document • ‘Limited for Liberty’

  40. Rebellion • Uprising or insurrection against an established government

  41. Causes for American Independence & Revolution

  42. French & Indian War • War between Britain & the Indians • France sided w/ the Indians • Cause: The colonists kept pushing the Indians west. • Effect: The British made the Proclamation of 1763.

  43. Proclamation of 1763 • Britain said colonists can’t move west of Appalachian mountains • Cause: England was still in debt from the French and Indian War and didn’t want to start another war. • Effect: The colonist still moved west anyway because owning land was important (you needed it to be able to vote

  44. The Stamp Act • The Stamp Act was a tax on every sheet of every legal document. • Cause: Britain needed money because they were in debt from the war so they taxed the colonists. • Effect: The colonists boycotted British goods. They also organized the Sons of Liberty and the Daughters of Liberty

  45. Mercantilism • British economic policy • Idea to EXPORT MORE THAN YOU IMPORT • Took advantage of the raw materials that were available in the colonies • Shipped them all over the world • Made Britain LOTS of money! • That’s the point!

  46. Stamp Act Congress • Convened in response to the Stamp Act • Wrote & Issued the Declaration of Rights & Grievances • Listed colonial complaints about British Parliament • Britain laughed it off • Convinced colonists to BOYCOTT British items

  47. No Taxation Without Representation!!!! • Colonists main argument against Britain • Said British Parliament can’t tax colonists b/c they did not allow colonial representation in Parliament • Colonists were being taxed but had no say in the taxation.

  48. Declaratory Act • Britain issued in response to Boycott • Declared Parliament’s power is exactly the same in the colonies as in Britain

  49. Navigation Acts • Forced colonies to ship all exports on British ships • And only sell products to Great Britain • Part of policy of Mercantilism

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