Warm Up and HW

1. Warm Up and HW • What are the defining characteristics of Kingdom Protista? • HW: Current Event, Chapter 20 GRSW (shortened) due TOMORROW, Pond Water Pre-lab by TOMORROW, pond water extra credit- by 7am- OR I DON”T GIVE YOU BONUS!

2. Kingdom Protista Chapter 20

3. General Characteristics of Protists: • ALL Eukaryotes that cannot be classified as a plant, animal, or fungus. • They have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles; • some are autotrophic, some are heterotrophic; • some are multicellular, most are unicellular.

4. They are classified by the way they OBTAIN NUTRITION.

5. Three kinds of protists • Animal-like (consume food) • Plant-like (make their own food) • Fungus-like (decomposer) Add the underlined phrase next to their boxes!

6. Animal-like Protists • Called Protozoans- meaning “first animals” • Examples: • Zooflagellates • Sarcodines • Ciliates • Sporozoans

7. Multicellular Rhodophyta Phaeophyta Chlorophyta Unicellular Euglenophyta Chrysophyta Bacilliarophyta (Diatoms) Pyrrophyta (Dinoflagellates) Plant-like (Algae)

8. Fungus-like • Slime Molds • Water Molds

9. Protozoans • these are “Animal-like” protists that consume their food (heterotrophs) • Unicellular • characterized by modes of locomotion (how they move)

10. Trichomonas Zooflagellates • Characteristics: move by flagella (one or two) • Reproduction: mostly asexual by mitosis, some sexual reproduction- produce gametes that fuse • Role/Function: • Mostly free swimming • Some are parasites • Trypanosoma causes African Sleeping Sickness, Giardia causes diarrhea • Termites have a zooflagellate living inside them that helps them digest wood

11. Zooflagellates nucleus flagella

12. Sarcodines • Characteristics: move by pseudopods- extensions of cytoplasm • Reproduction: asexually by mitosis • Role/Function: • free-swimming in aquatic environments • Amebic dysentery (diarrhea) Pseudopod Nucleus Ameba proteus

14. Ciliates • Characteristics: • use cilia for movement and feeding • Have a macronucleus (active nucleus) and micronucleus (reserve copy) • Reproduction: asexually by mitosis, can exchange material through conjugation (Figure 20-6 in book) • Role/Function: free-living Paramecium

16. Ciliates Macronucleus Cilia Micronucleus

17. Sporozoans • Characteristics: Do not move on their own • Reproduction: complex reproduction with two phases- a sexual phase and asexual phase inside two different organisms! • Role/Function: • Parasitic • Malaria is caused by the sporozoan Plasmodium

19. Sporozoans Nucleus

21. Unicellular Algae • (describe their ecology/uses): • autotrophic, capture sunlight with chlorophyll and other accessory pigments to make food • base of many aquatic food chains • Example: phytoplankton- floating photosynthetic organisms

22. Euglenophyta • Characteristics: two flagella, no cell wall • Reproduction: asexually by mitosis • Role/Function: • free-swimming • can absorb material for food- recycling sewage • can lead to algal blooms choking waters of nutrients

24. Euglenophyta Chloroplast Flagellum Nucleus

25. Chrysophyta • Characteristics: • cell walls sometimes of pectin • Gold-colored chloroplasts • Reproduction: asexually and sexually • Role/Function: free-floating • Known as “golden algae”

26. Diatoms • Characteristics: secrete thin cell walls of silica (main component of glass) • Reproduction: asexually and sexually • Role/Function: • Free-floating, or • live in soil

27. Pyrrophyta-Dinoflagellates • Characteristics: have two flagella and thick cell wall • Reproduction: asexually by mitosis • Role/Function: responsible for red tides (algal bloom of dinoflagellates that secrete toxins that can cause illness paralysis, and death in fishhumans)

28. Dinoflagellates Nucleus Flagella

29. Multicellular Algae • (describe their ecology/uses)- • Autotrophic • Multicellular • some have specialized tissue • seaweeds and kelp • used in foods such as sushi, ice cream, salad dressing, candy, etc.

30. Red Algae (Rhodophyta) • Characteristics: contain pigments- Chlorophyll a and Phycobilins (red) • Reproduction: sexually • Role/Function: • Deeper sea, great at harvesting light • Help form coral reefs • Some used in foods and to make agar

32. Brown algae (Phaeophyta) • Characteristics: contain pigments Chlorophyll a and c and Fucoxanthin (brown) • Reproduction: sexually by mitosis and meiosis • Role/Function: • Form large habitats in aquatic ecosystems • Used some in food

33. Volvox- colonial Green algae (Chlorophyta) • Characteristics: • unicellular, colonial, or multicellular • chlorophyll a and b • Reproduction: sexually by mitosis and meiosis like true plants • Role/Function: some form symbiotic relationships with other organisms Ulva- multicellular Spirogyra- multicellular

34. Alternation of Generations

35. Alternation of Generations

36. Kaikoura, New Zealand

39. Fungus-like • (describe their ecology/uses): • heterotrophic using external digestion to break down dead and decaying organic matter

40. Slime Molds • Characteristics: • cellular or acellular (masses with several nuclei) • Unicellular but can gather and act multicellular • Reproduction: sexually • Role/Function: Forest floor or composting- recycle organic matter

41. Water Mold • Characteristics: • also called oomycetes (O-O-my-sets) • Produce filaments called hyphae • Reproduction: sexually and asexually • Role/Function: • dead decaying matter in aquatic environments • some are plant parasites • attack tomatoes and potatoes