1 / 30

THE CIVILIZATION OF THE U. S.

THE CIVILIZATION OF THE U. S. THE WEST. THE FRONTIER. A crucial component of American culture A dividing line between civilization and the wilderness, between settled and unsettled areas A continuously westward moving line. THE SHIFTING WESTERN BORDER. The West is a relative term

zena-boyd
Download Presentation

THE CIVILIZATION OF THE U. S.

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. THE CIVILIZATION OF THE U. S. THE WEST

  2. THE FRONTIER • A crucial component of American culture • A dividing line between civilization and the wilderness, between settled and unsettled areas • A continuously westward moving line

  3. THE SHIFTING WESTERN BORDER • The West is a relative term • 1763: Appalachian Mountains • 1783: Mississippi River • 1803: Louisiana Purchase, Rocky Mountains • 1848 Pacific Ocean

  4. WESTWARD EXPANSION • A migratory movement from 1820 until 1850 • Leading ideology: Manifest Destiny • 1845 John L. Sullivan: • “Our manifest destiny is to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions” • American exceptionalism

  5. THE MOVEMENT OF THE WESTERN BORDER

  6. MANIFEST DESTINY

  7. CONFLICTS IN THE WESTERN TERRITORY • Thomas Jefferson in Declaration of Independence: Merciless savages • Andrew Jackson: obstacles to civilization • 1830 Indian Removal Act • 1838 Trail of Tears 15,000 Cherokees depart, 9.000 arrive to west of the Mississippi • Causes of the defeat of Indians: • Lack of unity • Repeating rifle, colt, eliminating the buffalo

  8. THE TRAIL OF TEARS

  9. CONFLICTS WITH THE BRITISH • Contested area: Oregon Territory • Joint occupation by Spain, Russia, Great Britain, U.S. • Spain, Russia relinquish claim • 1840s Americans move into the territory

  10. CONFLICTS WITH BRITISH • 1841: Oregon Fever 2,000 mile trek • Prairie Schooners, Conestoga wagons, ox drawn, canvas covered wagons, • By 1845 Americans outnumber British • Americans demand Oregon, “54.40 or fight!” • 1846 British give up claim

  11. CONFLICTS WITH MEXICO • 1809 Mexico becomes independent from Spain • Controls the Texas Territory • Stephen Austin leads Americans settling in Texas • Cultural conflict with Mexicans • Cause: religion, Settlers are Protestants and have slaves • Mexicans: Catholics, reject slavery • Mexico prohibits further American settlement

  12. CONFLICT WITH MEXICO • 1836: Texas becomes independent country The Lone Star Republic • President Sam Huston, slavery is allowed • Texas applies for annexation, but 1845 Texas is annexed • 1846-1848 • Mexican-American War • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848

  13. MILESTONES IN THE HISTORY OF THE WEST • 1804-06: Lewis and Clark expedition • 1849: California Gold Rush • 1862: Homestead Act • 1876: Battle of Little Big Horn • 1890: Massacre at Wounded Knee

  14. TH GOLD RUSH • Gold is found in Sutter’s Mill in California, near Sacramento, by the American River • Attracts thousands of prospectors • Increases the population of the West, new cities: San Francisco, Denver • Levi Strauss, serge de NImes

  15. HOMESTEAD ACT • Laws promoting the settlement in the West • Person older than 25, and being a head of a family and intending to stay at least five years can have land for an average price of 1,25 dollars per acre • Limited effect due to limited capital and agricultural skills

  16. THE PIONEER • Sodbuster • Lack of water, insect attacks, locust, prairie fires • Hostile Indians • Isolation

  17. SOLUTION FOR THE PIONEER’S PROBLEMS • Water pumps • Heavier ploughs • Rural Free Delivery • Catalogue shopping

  18. THE COWBOY • An American original (vaquero, gaucho) • A loose group of adventurers, civil war veterans • A Puritan on Horseback • Loneliness, isolation, constant work • End of cowboy culture—invention of the barbed wire-lighter than air, cheaper than whiskey, stronger than dirt xxxxxxx 3-3

  19. THE INDIAN • Indian Wars of the Plains: (1864-1890) • Official status: domestic, dependent nations • Causes of tension between settlers and Indians: • Encroachment on Indian land • Spreading Christianity • Elimination of the buffalo

  20. IMPORTANT BATTLES • Battle of Little Big Horn 1876 • Custer’s Last Stand • Wounded Knee Massacre 1890 • We were all wounded at Wounded Knee • The Indian, the vanishing American

  21. THE RAILROAD • 1869: Completion of theTranscontinentalRailroad • Union Pacificfrom West, CentralPacificfromEast • Impact: trainscarriedsettlers and theirproducts • Companionindustries: coalmining, ironsmelting, traincarproduction • Changingtheconcept of time—timezones

  22. IMAGE MAKERS OF THE WEST • James Fenimore Cooper—The LeatherstockingTales • Mark Twain: Talltales—hyperbole, exaggeration, The Celebrated Jumping Frog of CalaverasCounty • Frederick Jackson Turner..The Significance of theFrontierin American History-1893 • Movingfrontier, crucible, teachessuchvaluesasdemocracy, individualism, and freedom

  23. AFRICAN AMERICANS • 1619: Arrival in America, at Jamestown,servants, not slaves • End of the seventeenth century: slavery is institutionalized • 1776: Slaves are not mentioned in the Declaration of Independence • 1787: Constitutional Convention, 3/5 compromise, outlawing slave trade as of 1808

  24. AFRICAN AMERICANS • 1820 Missouri Compromise • 1831: Nat Turner Rebellion • 1865: ThirteenthAmendment • 1896: Plessy v. Ferguson—establishment of theprincipleofseparatebutequal • 1920-1932: Harlem Renaissance • 1954: Brown v. Board of Education • 1955-1965: Civil RightsMovement

  25. THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT • 1955: Rosa Parks—myfeets is tired • Montgomery BusBoycott • Rise of Martin Luther King • Baptistminister, providesthemovementwith an ideology • Non-violentresistance—basedontheGospel, Thoreau, Ghandhi • INJUSTICE ANYWHERE IS A THREAT TO JUSTICE EVERYWHERE

  26. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF NON-VIOLENCE • Segregation is an unjust law • One should fight against unjust laws • Fight with the power of love against the power of hate • Segregation converts the I-thou relationship to an I-it relationship (Martin Buber) • Segregation objectifies blacks

  27. THE RESULTS OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT • I HAVE A DREAM-theemotionalclimax of the Civil RightsMovement • InspiredbytheDeclaration of Independence • Dream of a colorblindsociety • The speech is made inthestyle of a sermon • Civil RightsAct of 1964 segregation is outlawedinallpublicfacilites • VotingRightsAct of 1965—the right tovotecannot be denied, orrestricted

  28. ISSUES IMPACTING THE AFRICAN COMMUNITY • 1896-1954: Segregation—the legally justified separation of the races • Jim Crow laws—separate but equal, (picture) • Fight against segregation, two methods • Booker T. Washington: Up from Slavery—accomodationist • W.E.B. DuBois: Talented Tenth , Black professionals are needed

  29. POST-1965 • Whatgood is ittohavethe right tositatthelunchcounter, whenyoucannotbuythe hamburger • Revolution of risingexpectations • Black PowerMovement, Malcolm X, Elijah Muhammad The Nation of Islam • Affirmative Action—reversediscrimination:-compensatorypoliciesforpreviousdiscrimination, preferentialtreatmentineducation, employment, and housing

  30. BLACK NATIONALISM • Louis Farrakhan-Nation of Islam • Khaled Muhammad-antisemitism, advocating violence • Malik Shabazz- Using black nationalism to fight against drug abuse, poverty, inner city crime

More Related