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Databases

Databases. 21 April 2011. Presenting Data. Really easy to overdo. Use to clarify, not obfuscate Be gentle on the eyes Need to print? Use differentiable colors and symbols. Visualization and Information Design . How to present results

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Databases

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  1. Databases 21 April 2011

  2. Presenting Data

  3. Really easy to overdo • Use to clarify, not obfuscate • Be gentle on the eyes • Need to print? • Use differentiable colors and symbols

  4. Visualization and Information Design • How to present results • Visualization usually refers to dynamically created results • Data • Information • Information design usually refers to crafted piece • Edward Tufte

  5. Minard: Napoleon’s March to Moscow • Width of band shows size of army at each position. • Black band shows retreat tied to temperature and time

  6. Formatting in Excel

  7. Databases

  8. Transformation

  9. Data vs. Information • Data – a collection of facts made up of text, numbers and dates:Murray 35000 7/18/86 • Information - the meaning given to data in the way it is interpreted: Mr. Murray is a sales person whose annual salary is $35,000 and whose hire date is July 18, 1986.

  10. Data Unprocessed Information Organized and communicated Knowledge Evaluated and usable Differences

  11. What is a database? storage space for information (vs. spreadsheet: data)

  12. Non-electronic Examples A filing cabinet, an address book, a telephone directory, a timetable, etc.

  13. Electronic Database Systems: Then

  14. Today

  15. Benefits • Making information useful • Making information easily accessible • Integrating information

  16. Name: Barry HarrisCollege: BusinessTel: 962-5555 Basic Database Concepts • Field Name: Barry Harris • A single item of data common to all records • Record Name: Barry HarrisCollege: BusinessTel: 962-5555 • A collection of data about an individual item • Table • A set of related records

  17. Fields Basic elements of content

  18. An Example of a Table Fields Records

  19. Primary Keys & Foreign Keys To ensure that each record is unique in each table, we can set one field to be a Primary Key field. A Primary Key is a field that that will contain no duplicates and no blank values. Foreign Keys link to data in other tables

  20. A Sample Relational Database

  21. Other parts of a database • Tables • Forms • Queries • Reports

  22. Forms • A friendlier view of the database • Used for data input, display and printing

  23. Queries • A means of asking questions (querying) of your data • Can look across tables

  24. Reports • If the query is a question... ...then the report is its answer • Tailored to the needs of the user • Allows you to group and summarize data • Cannot edit

  25. Databases in Spreadsheets • Function can be performed • When name associated with data • BUT other tools exist to make it easier • User need not understand as much • Handles routine operations • ACCESS

  26. Data Mining

  27. Grocery Store Receipts eggs milk bread cheese plates napkins trash bags eggs cheese sour cream bread chips soup milk eggs bread butter cheese gum soda bread eggs milk cheese diapers juice Super Bowl Sunday? Diapers and beer? http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=358108.358114

  28. Innocuous • BabyNames • Pandora • Half.com

  29. Borderline: Netflix • Recommending Movies • Predicting Ratings • Data-Mining Contest: • Release rating data, sans “identifying information” • Prize awarded • Additional contests: canceled • http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/03/12/netflix-cancels-contest-plans-and-settles-suit/

  30. Borderline: Facebook • “people you may know” • Ex-boyfriend/girlfriend you don’t want to talk to…EVER • Person who used to bully you • “reconnect” • Person in coma in Australia

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