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Minerals

Minerals. The substances that make up rocks and Earth’s surface. Sedimentary Process. Physical & Chemical process of weathering and erosion Breaking of rocks into smaller pieces sediment Sediment = loose particulate material (clay, sand, gravel, etc.).

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Minerals

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  1. Minerals The substances that make up rocks and Earth’s surface

  2. Sedimentary Process • Physical & Chemical process of weathering and erosion • Breaking of rocks into smaller pieces sediment • Sediment = loose particulate material (clay, sand, gravel, etc.)

  3. What are the main agents of weathering & erosion? • Wind • Moving water • Gravity • Glaciers Text p 135 figure 6.2

  4. Sediment • Deposited in low areas • Largest grains sink to the bottom and the smallest grains at the top resulting in layers • As more sediment is deposited the bottom layers are subject to increasing pressure & temperature causing Lithification

  5. Sedimentary Rock strata (layers)

  6. Lithification • Lithify Greek word lithos which means stone • Physical & Chemical process that transforms sediments into sedimentary rocks • Compaction • Cementation Sediments harden into rock

  7. Sedimentary Rock • Most formed under water but also in deserts/dunes • Cemented together by SiO2, CaCO3 or FeO

  8. Classification of Sedimentary Rocks How rock was formed • Clastic: From pieces of other rocks • Chemical: Precipitating out of a solution • Biochemical: From remains of plants & animals

  9. Clastic • Greek work klastos meaning broken • Most common sedimentary rock • Sandstone, shale • Further classified by size of particles • Coarse grain • Medium grained • Fine Grain Text p 142 Table 6.1

  10. Chemical & Biochemical Chemical • Forms in arid regions mostly called evaporites (example Great Salt Lake in Utah) • Limestone, rock salt Biochemical • Organic, common in shallow waters • Coal, limestone

  11. Common types of sedimentary rocks Shales Mudstones Sandstones Limestones Evaporites (such as salt beds)

  12. Shales are the most common sedimentary rock type being made up of fine particles

  13. Sandstones are made up of sand-sized grains most common is quartz

  14. Limestone is a light whitish-gray

  15. Identifying Sedimentary Rock Some show ripple marks or mud cracks

  16. Desert Salt Flat

  17. Ancient shallow water environment

  18. Why do you think most fossils are found in sedimentary rock?

  19. Homework Read text p 134-137 & 141-144

  20. ANY QUESTIONS?

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