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REVERSING THE ENGINE, p. 135

REVERSING THE ENGINE, p. 135. Read the text and answer the following questions: Which diesel engine is mostly direct acting? Does the engine need to be stopped first to reverse it? What enables small vessels to go from ahead to astern without stopping the engine first?

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REVERSING THE ENGINE, p. 135

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  1. REVERSING THE ENGINE, p. 135 Read the text and answer the following questions: • Which diesel engine is mostly direct acting? • Does the engine need to be stopped first to reverse it? • What enables small vessels to go from ahead to astern without stopping the engine first? • Does “pitch” only refer to the distance travelled after one revolution of the propeller? • What determines the speed of a vessel equipped with a CPP? • Can adjusting the blades change the direction in which a vessel is travelling? • How do CPPs affect engines?

  2. REVERSING THE ENGINE, p. 135 • Slowspeeddieselengine • Yes. • Reversinggear. • No, alsoblade-angleofthepropeller. • Angleoftheblades. • Yes. • Longerlifeoftheengine (no extensivewear).

  3. THE FUEL SYSTEM • What do youknowaboutthefuelsystem? • Readtheintroduction on p. 148. • See the ppt presentation. • Read the text on p. 152 and do the exercise on p. 156. • The text on p. 152 mentions a number of tanks. Extract these and their purposes from the text. • Work in pairs and summarize the sequence of events when a vessel is run on HFO and MDO.

  4. THE FUEL SYSTEM – p. 156/3 HFO • A • K • L • G • C • D • B • I • E

  5. THE FUEL SYSTEM – p. 156/3 MDO • H • N • M • F • J

  6. THE FUEL SYSTEM – tanks (p. 152) • SHORE-BASED TANKS – tanks on the shore in which bunkers are kept. • BUNKERTANKS – spaces on board a vessel to store fuel. • SETTLING TANKS – where the fuel is heated to lower the viscosity grade and separate of fuel from water and impurities. • DAILY SERVICE TANKS – provides the engine with fuel. • GRAVITY TANKS – settling tanks + daily service tanks. • MIXING TANKS (VENT TANK, BUFFER TANK, CIRCULATING TANK) – mix HFO + MDO to ensure gradual transition from HFO to MDO.

  7. THE FUEL SYSTEM Read the text on pp. 148-149 and answer the following questions: • What is fuel specific gravity? • What is viscosity? • What is the flash point? • What is the pour point? • What is specific energy? • What is solubility? • What is the cetane number? • What is the sediment? • What is stability? • What is carbon residue? • What is the cloud point? • What is ash? • What is sulphur?

  8. THE FUEL SYSTEM Read the text on pp. 148-149 and answer the following questions: • Specific gravity – density of the fuel compared to that of water. • Viscosity – resistance of a liquid when flowing. • Flash point – temperature at which fuel may be ignited (plamenišče). • Pour point – temperature at which the fuel can still be handled (točkatečenja). • Specific energy – calorific value of 1 kg of fuel. • Solubility – ability of a fuel to mix with another fuel. • Cetane number – the ease at which fuel+air will ignite.

  9. THE FUEL SYSTEM Read the text on pp. 148-149 and answer the following questions: • Sediment – non-organic substances in a fuel. • Stability – how many sediments will be formed. • Carbon residue – amount of carbon deposit in nozzles, piston rings, etc. • Cloud point – temperature at which fuel will become hazy (motnišče). • Ash – non-organic non-combustible materials in a fuel. • Sulphur – high amount can cause corrosion.

  10. LUBRICATION, p. 160 Check the text on p. 160. What are the main purposes of lubrication? • Prevent wear and damage (as a result of friction) • Cooling (carries away the heat generated by friction) • Prevents impurities from clogging together • Anti-corrosive (prevent the forming of rust) • Seals off pits and scratches in cylinder walls (prevents the leaking of exhaust gasses through cylinder liners) • Reduces engine noise

  11. LUBRICATION, p. 160 (ex. p. 162) • A strainer filters the lubricant in the drain tank. • The lubricant is filtered before it is passed to the cooler. • A pump draws the lubricant from the drain tank. • A heat exchanger cools the lubricating oil. • Distribution branches distribute the lubricant to the various engine parts. • Strainers filter the lubricant after lubrication of engine parts. • The lube oil is returned to the drain tank.

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