The Evolution of Nanotechnology Education: Lateral Diffusion for the 21 st Century Workforce

1. Dominick E. Fazarro, PhD, CSTM University of Texas-Tyler Walt Trybula, PhD Texas State University-San Marcos & Trybula Foundation, Inc. 2010 NAWDP Annual Conference The Evolution of Nanotechnology Education: Lateral Diffusion for the 21st Century Workforce

2. The Need We must prepare the 21st century workforce to compete globally with emerging technologies. In order to prepare for nanotechnology, educators must be proactive andnot reactive to new technologies for developing cutting-edge programs at post-secondary schools as well as for workforce centers. –Fazarro, 2008 Fazarro, D. & Kornegay, A. Future Shock: What Would a Nanotechnology Curriculum Look Like?, Association of Career and Technical Education (ACTE) Charlotte NC, December 4-6, 2008

3. Job Creation Nanotechnology can open up many more jobs in the Green Technology Sector Nanotechnology can also… Greatly influence the greenjobsector!!!!!!!

4. The Challenge The NSF estimates that by the year 2015 there will be a need for two million workers worldwide in the fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology.1 Who will teach them What? 1Source: Diane Palma (2007). K-12 nanotechnology education outreach for workforce Development: The Georgia Institute of Technology Model. http://www.nanohub.org/resources/2251/

5. Federal Government Involvement An outside advisory panel was ratified by Congress for the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act of 2003, Public Law 108-153 (the Act), which called for the President to establish or designate a National Nanotechnology Advisory Panel (NNAP). P R E S I D E N T ’ S COUNC I L O F A D V I S O R S O N S C I E N C E A N D T E CHNO L O G Y • M AY 2 0 0 5-http://www.nano.gov/FINAL_PCAST_NANO_REPORT.pdf

6. Unbalanced Resources Workforce Education & Development est. $2 Million* RESEARCH est. $ 1.8 Billion Source: National Nanotechnology Initiative-2011 Budget: www.nano.gov *Source: University of Penn-College of Engineering

7. What is Nanotechnology? Nanotechnology is about the ability to understand and control matter at the nanoscale or about 1 to 100 nanometers. • One nanometer is one billionth of a meter. • The ratio of a dime to the diameter of the earth is roughly one billion.

8. The New World Nanobot on blood cell Nanobot device on virus Multiwall Nanotubes Neuron electronics

9. Modified Graphene How do we begin to teach about something we can’t see? Where do we learn about it?

10. What are the New Tools? Ball-and-stick model of the pentacene molecule Xenon on Nickel (110) Courtesy of IBM Research - Almaden. Unauthorized use not permitted Non-contact Atomic Force Microscope Courtesy of IBM Research - Zurich Unauthorized use not permitted http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_tweezers It seem miraculous when IBM showed this picture in 1983. Today’s capabilities are so far beyond that.

11. Background George Kachan, UMass Lowell, Director- Research and Technology Development, nanomanufacturing and biomanufacturing states: • “We have the technology in the labs, but it takes a lot of money to develop facilities to support commercial production.” • “Collaboration is the best way”

12. Background • The training of human resources to meet the emerging need of nanomanufacturing will be a daunting task for workforce trainers and developers. There are numerous demographical, logistical, and ethical issues surrounding this subject. • The manufacturing workers of the next “industrial revolution” will be working with materials whose thicknesses approximate 1/80,000 the size of a human hair.

13. Background • Dr. MihailRoco, Senior Advisor for Nanotechnology at the National Science Foundation, probably has been the strongest advocate of “educating the nanotechnology workforce”. • He believes “training people is a key component for long-term success”, and foresees a need for a multidisciplinary trained nanotechnology workforce in 2010-2015. Marsh, I. Journal of Physics: Conference Series: Nano-education from a European Perpsective 100(2008) 032001 http://iopscience.iop.org/1742-6596/100/3/032001/pdf/jpconf8_100_032001.pdf?ejredirect=migration

14. New Workforce Class (Nano Technician) 2yr /Training Certificate LIGHT BLUE COLLAR White Collar Blue Collar Highly Technical Basic Research Skills Team Building Problem-Solving Report Writing Safety/Risk Focused Presentation Skills

16. The Question • Who do we collaborate with? • What content is needed? • How complex will the knowledge need to be to create and deliver training packages? • What skill sets are needed? • What industry sector will jobs developed from nanotechnology? • Do we use existing protocols and practices established by workforce Investment Boards?*** • What actions need to be taken to implement nanotechnology education/training programs?***

17. Who do we collaborate with? 2-Yr Colleges Public Schools (future) 4-Yr Universities (Research) 4-Yr Universities (Teaching) Building the New Workforce State & Federal Workforce Administrators Industry

18. What content is needed? • As with many emerging technologies, an understanding of math and science is important • With the vast majority of material effects on humans and the environment being unknown, appropriately addressing safety issues is critical • A fundamental understanding of known material properties needs to be addressed

19. How to create/deliver complex training? • Nanotechnology is a combination of material properties, biological impacts, size related constraints • Early stage workers will need a broad understanding of multiple fields • Caution is imperative, but over-reaction is self-defeating. The proper balance is challenging

20. What skill sets are needed? • It has been stated that a Ph.D. in Physics, a Ph.D., in Chemistry, and a Ph.D. in Biology are a good background to start learning about nanotechnology • While workers will obviously not have these credentials, they will need to be trained in ways to find critical information in any area • Developing appropriate workers’ nanomaterial related skill sets will be imperative for businesses to be successful

21. What industry sector will develop jobs from nanotechnology? CONSTRUCTION CHEMICAL ELECTRONICS PHARMACEUTICALS ENERGY AEROSPACE DEFENSE CONTRACTORS

22. What equipment is used? PURIFICATION REACTOR • PLANT REACTOR • Producing • Nano Carbon Tubes • (mechanical properties of 50-100 GPa) • Far more stronger than steel with 1/6th of the weight • Applications • Fuel lines in automobiles, aerospace, LED street Lamps, etc. Photo courtesy of SouthWest NanoTechnologies

23. U.S. Research and Education Centers National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network Network for Computational Nanotechnology Nanoscale Informal Science Education Network Nanotechnology Applications and Career Knowledge (NACK) Materials Research Science & Engineering Centers Nanoscale Science and Engineering Centers NanoManufacturingNetwork Southwest Center for Microsystems Education (SCME) National Center for learning & Teaching in Nanoscale Science and Engieering (NCLT) Maricopa Advanced Technology Education Center NSF-National Center for Learning and Teaching in Nanoscale Science and Engineering (2009) http://www.nclt.us/nano_initiatives.shtml

24. OurCompetition-International Global Nanotechnology Network NanoForum National Institute for Materials Science Taiwan Nano Asia Nanoforum (ANF) Nanotechnology Research Network Center of Japan (NanoNet) African Nan0sciences Network (NANOAFNET NSF-National Center for Learning and Teaching in Nanoscale Science and Engineering (2009) http://www.nclt.us/nano_initiatives.shtml

25. Who do we collaborate with? (Synergy Model) Texas Postsecondary Institutions Nanotechnology Companies Creating Knowledge Management Someone needs to start! Develop Curriculum Training Public Awareness Literature 2-year Schools 4-year Schools Workforce Centers Public Schools Lateral Diffusion We are starting the developmental effort

26. U.S. Nano Workforce Initiatives • Texas Nanotechnology Workforce Development • California Community Colleges Economic Workforce Development • Oklahoma Nanotechnology Initiative • Connecticut Nanotechnology Initiative • Minnesota Nanotechnology workforce Initiative • & Many Others Source: Texas nanotechnology Workforce Development Initiative: http://www. nanotechworkforce. com/resources/ workforce.php

27. BRAINSTORMING SESSION

28. Two Key Questions • Do we use existing protocols and practices established by workforce Investment Boards? • What actions need to be taken to implement nanotechnology education programs?

29. What actions are needed? • Begin to establish nanotechnology education initiatives (include in strategic planning) • Advocate for increase funding for post-secondary school and workforce education and development centers/Investment boards • Increase national and international multi-institutional collaborations (academia & industry)

30. Questions???? Comments THANK YOU

31. Contact us @ • Dominick Fazarro, Ph.D., CSTM • Associate Professor-University of Texas-Tyler • 1.936.689.7695 [mobile] • dfazarro@hotmail.com/dfazarro@uttyler.edu • Walt Trybula, Ph.D. • IEEE Fellow & SPIE Fellow • +1.512.695.4026 [mobile] • w.trybula@nano-safety.info