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ISA is a Contract

ISA is a Contract. Compilers != Compilation. Compilation has multiple steps pre-processing (non-existent for java) finalizing the actual source listing typically used for includes in a C/C++ program translating (half-way done for java) from high-level or assembly language

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ISA is a Contract

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  1. ISA is a Contract

  2. Compilers != Compilation • Compilation has multiple steps • pre-processing (non-existent for java) • finalizing the actual source listing • typically used for includes in a C/C++ program • translating (half-way done for java) • from high-level or assembly language • to machine instructions • building • combine your parts and system parts

  3. Essential Compilation Steps

  4. A Simple Translation Step • Most basic: two passes • first: collect and interpret symbols • second: line-by-line generation of instructions • Symbol = anything requiring interpretation • variable names • procedure/method names • your names and system names • opcodes and pseudo-instructions (in assembler)

  5. An Object File

  6. Typical Translation • Most compilers today have 3 or 4 passes • Extra passes enable a compiler to • do extended error checking • do extra optimization of resulting code • Most projects have many pieces • each piece (e.g. .c or .cc) translated individually • files ending in .o on Unix • files ending in .obj on Windows

  7. Linking • Once pieces translated, combine them • Each piece designed as relocatable module • External references get resolved • Complete executable built with parts • System parts often manifested as libraries • e.g. C library for unix applications • Shared libraries • Dynamically linked libraries

  8. Total Workflow Loader Linker Assembler Compiler Preprocessor Editor or Code Generator

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