Matter and Its Properties

1. Matter and Its Properties

2. matter Everything that takes up space and has mass is Matter This includes: You Your chair Air Everything that you can taste, smell, or touch is matter.

3. What is not matter? Anything that exists without taking up space. • Heat • Light • Ideas

4. Mass Mass is the amount of matter that something contains.

5. A heavy object has more mass than a light object.

6. Finding mass is a way of measuring matter.

7. All matter is made up of tiny particles. • The more particles an object has, the more mass it has. • The more mass it has, the heavier it is.

8. Physical Properties An object’s: • Mass • Look • Texture • Color • State (liquid, solid or gas) • Ability to transfer heat/electricity

9. Volume and Density • Volume is the amount of space matter takes up. • Density is the amount of matter in an object compared to the space it takes up.

11. How does matter change states?

12. States of Matter • Solid • Liquid • Gas • Plasma

13. Solid In a solid, the particles are packed together in a tight pattern. This gives solids an exact shape. Particles in matter are always moving but in solids they are packed too tightly to move around much so they vibrate instead.

14. Liquids Particles in liquids have more movement. They take the shape of their container.

15. Gas A Gas has no definite shape or volume. The particles are far apart and move fast.

16. Plasma • Similar to gas • Some of the particles are ionized (have lost or gained electrons) making it charged • It does not have a definite shape or volume unless closed in a container • It is the most common state of matter in the universe

17. Examples of Artificially Produced Plasma • Plasma TV • Fluorescent Lamps (made of mercury vapor) • Neon Signs

18. Examples of Terrestrial Plasma • Lightning • Aurora Borealis (lights display in the sky of Arctic and Antarctic caused by the collision of energetic charged particles with atoms in the high altitude atmosphere) • Most Flames – gaseous part of fire

19. Examples of Astrophysical Plasma • The sun and other stars (plasma heated by nuclear fusion • Solar Wind ( a stream of charged particles ejected from the upper atmosphere of the sun) • Interplanetary medium (space between planets) • Interstellar medium (space between stars) • Intergalactic medium (space between galaxies)

20. What are mixtures and solutions?

21. Mixtures A mixture is two or more substances that are combined without being changed. Example – A salad is a mixture of solids Salt water is a mixture of a solid and liquid Fog is a mixture of water drops and air.

22. Solutions and Solubility

23. Solutions A Solution is a mixture where different kinds of matter are completely mixed with each other. Example: Salt water air

24. Solubility Solubility is a measure of how much of one material will dissolve in another.

25. Suspension A mixture where some of the ingredients are suspended or floating in the other.

26. Elements There are more than 100 basic kinds of matter called elements. Elements are the basic building blocks of matter.

27. Elements combine to make up all other kinds of matter. Elements cannot be broken into smaller pieces with ordinary physical or chemical processes.

28. Gold is one of the few elements found in nature in pure form.

29. Most elements are combined to make the things we see. For example: Rust is a combination of iron and oxygen.

30. Living and nonliving things are made up of just a few elements combined in different ways.

31. Chemical and Physical Properties of an element Each element has its own chemical and physical properties. These properties can be used to identify each element.

32. Chemical properties describe how a material changes into other materials.

33. Physical properties can be measured without changing the material.

34. Metals More than ¾ of the elements are called metals. Metals have the physical properties of being: • Shiny • Bendable • Able to conduct heat/electricity