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ELECTRIC PROPULSION

ELECTRIC PROPULSION. Introduction Classification of Electric Thrusters. Mariano Andrenucci. Professor, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy Chairman and CEO, Alta S.p.A, Via A. Gherardesca 5, 56121 Ospedaletto, Pisa, Italy e-mail: m.andrenucci@alta-space.com.

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ELECTRIC PROPULSION

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  1. ELECTRIC PROPULSION Introduction Classification of Electric Thrusters Mariano Andrenucci Professor, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy Chairman and CEO, Alta S.p.A, Via A. Gherardesca 5, 56121 Ospedaletto, Pisa, Italy e-mail: m.andrenucci@alta-space.com

  2. Introduction • Expansion of human presence in space will certainly pose the need to develop very high power propulsion systems • High power electric propulsion can enable sending probes to the edge of the Solar System, exploring Kuiper belt, Oort Cloud, Heliopause, and performing deep Space observation… • High Isp propulsion needed for the higher energy missions, with Isp levels of 10,000 s to 15,000 s to minimize launch mass • High power levels also needed for crewed planetary exploration vehicles, but larger thrust leves required for acceptable trip times • High power applications to be generally based on nuclear power systems; high performance photovoltaic power generation also applicable for inner solar systems operations • Higher power propulsion systems obtainable in principle by clustering; but 0.1 to >1 MW single thruster capability needed so that the number of thrusters per spacecraft is reasonable. Advanced Course: Electric Propulsion Concepts and Systems M. Andrenucci

  3. Propulsion Options • Among the various electric propulsion concepts, several types of devices provide, in principle, the ability to process hundreds of kilowatts to megawatts of power at reasonably high efficiencies • Ion thrusters • Plasma thrusters • Hall Effect Thrusters • MPD Thrusters • Arcjets • Other Concepts • VASIMR • Pulsed Inductive Thrusters • . . . • Among the above categories only the first two seem to meet the relevant selection criteria for the intended missions in terms of performance capability, lifetime potential, mid-term TRL, . . . • Ion thrusters, in particular, appear especially suited for very high Isp, while plasma thrusters allow achieving higher thrust densities Advanced Course: Electric Propulsion Concepts and Systems M. Andrenucci

  4. Propulsion System Classification Advanced Course: Electric Propulsion Concepts and Systems M. Andrenucci

  5. Propulsion System Classification Advanced Course: Electric Propulsion Concepts and Systems M. Andrenucci

  6. Propulsion System Classification Advanced Course: Electric Propulsion Concepts and Systems M. Andrenucci

  7. Propulsion System Classification Advanced Course: Electric Propulsion Concepts and Systems M. Andrenucci

  8. Performance Levels Advanced Course: Electric Propulsion Concepts and Systems M. Andrenucci

  9. SF-MPDT: 103 AF-MPDT: 102 GIT: 100 HET: 101 The Thrust-Density Issue Order of magnitude Source: IRS, Stuttgart Advanced Course: Electric Propulsion Concepts and Systems M. Andrenucci

  10. Power vs. Thrust, Isp Advanced Course: Electric Propulsion Concepts and Systems M. Andrenucci

  11. Power vs. Thrust, Isp Advanced Course: Electric Propulsion Concepts and Systems M. Andrenucci

  12. Thrust vs Isp, T, for given Power Level Advanced Course: Electric Propulsion Concepts and Systems M. Andrenucci

  13. Thrust vs Isp, T, for given Power Level Advanced Course: Electric Propulsion Concepts and Systems M. Andrenucci

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