An amazing variety of travel destinations

1. An amazing variety of travel destinations August 21, 2023

2. Adverb clauses Adverb clauses, also known as adverbial clauses, are groups of words that function as adverbs in a sentence. They provide additional information about the verb, adjective, or adverb in the main clause and answer questions like how, when, where, why, or to what extent an action or event occurred. Adverb clauses are introduced by subordinating conjunctions, which connect them to the main clause.

3. Here are some common subordinating conjunctions that introduce adverb clauses, along with examples: • Time Adverb Clauses: These adverb clauses indicate when an action takes place. • When she arrived, we started the meeting. • After he finished his homework, he went to the park. • Place Adverb Clauses: These adverb clauses indicate where an action takes place. • He will meet you where you prefer. • Wherever she goes, she takes her camera.

4. Manner Adverb Clauses: These adverb clauses describe how an action is performed. • She completed the project as if she had been working on it for months. • He drives as though he's in a race. • Reason or Cause Adverb Clauses: These adverb clauses explain why something happened. • He stayed home because he was feeling ill. • Since it was raining, we canceled the picnic. • Condition Adverb Clauses: These adverb clauses indicate the condition under which an action occurs. • If you study hard, you will pass the exam. • We will go to the beach provided that the weather is nice.

5. Purpose Adverb Clauses: These adverb clauses explain the purpose or intent behind an action. • She studied diligently so that she could get good grades. • He went to the store in order to buy some groceries. • Concession Adverb Clauses: These adverb clauses show a contrast or concession. • Although it rained, they still went hiking. • She passed the test even though she didn't study much. • Comparison Adverb Clauses: These adverb clauses compare one action to another. • He works harder than his colleague does. • She runs faster than I do.

7. WORDS TO KNOW • compile: (v) to put together item by item • eagerly: (adv) with desire or interest • poll: (n) a survey of opinions among people • rank: (v) to have a certain place or position in an ordered group • reputable: (adj) honest; with a good reputation

8. Subordinating conjunctions Transitions or subordinating conjunctions are words or phrases that connect an independent clause (a complete sentence) to a dependent clause (an incomplete thought that cannot stand alone as a sentence). They are used to show the relationship between the two clauses, indicating how the information in the dependent clause is related to the main clause. These transitions help to create more complex and cohesive sentences. Here are some common subordinating conjunctions and their meanings:

9. 1. Time Subordinating Conjunctions: These conjunctions indicate when an action or event in the dependent clause occurs in relation to the main clause. • After: Indicates that the action in the dependent clause happens subsequent to the action in the main clause. Example: After I finish my work, I will go for a walk. • Before: Indicates that the action in the dependent clause happens prior to the action in the main clause. Example: I will eat dinner before I watch TV. • While: Indicates that the actions in the main and dependent clauses occur simultaneously. Example: I like to listen to music while I'm working.

10. 2. Cause and Effect Subordinating Conjunctions: These conjunctions show a cause-and-effect relationship between the main clause and the dependent clause. • Because: Indicates that the dependent clause explains the reason for the action in the main clause. Example: She couldn't sleep well because it was too noisy. • Since: Similar to "because," it also shows a cause-and-effect relationship. Example: Since it was raining, they stayed indoors.

11. 3. Condition Subordinating Conjunctions: These conjunctions introduce a condition that must be met for the main clause to occur. • If: Indicates a conditional relationship, where the action in the dependent clause is required for the action in the main clause to happen. Example: If it rains, we will stay home. • Unless: Indicates an exception to the condition. Example: I will go to the party unless I have to work.

12. 4. Purpose Subordinating Conjunctions: These conjunctions show the purpose or intention behind the action in the main clause. • So that: Indicates the purpose or goal of the action in the main clause. Example: I'm studying hard so that I can pass the exam. • In order to: Similar to "so that," it also indicates purpose. Example: She saved money in order to buy a new car.

13. Contrast Subordinating Conjunctions: These conjunctions introduce a contrast or opposition to the action in the main clause. • Although/Though: Indicates a contrast or concession. Example: Although it's raining, I'll go for a run. • Even though: Similar to "although," it emphasizes the contrast. Example: Even though she was tired, she finished her work. • Comparison Subordinating Conjunctions: These conjunctions introduce a comparison between the main clause and the dependent clause. • Than: Used in comparative statements. Example: She is taller than her brother. • As: Indicates similarity or equality. Example: She is as smart as her sister

14. Reading

17. Building better vocabulary

18. Word associations Circle the word or phrase that is most closely related to the word or phrase on the left.

19. Collocations: Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that most naturally completes the phrase.

21. Complete each sentence with the correct word form. Use the correct form of the verbs.

23. Vocabulary in writing • Choose five words from Words to Know. Write a complete sentence with each word

24. Each sentence has two errors. Find and correct them. • 1. Although the United Kingdom and New Zealand are similar for size, but New Zealand has just under 5 million people while the United Kingdom has more than 63 million people. • 2. Because of Vietnam has such an incredible variety of interesting places to see and experience, more than 10 millions tourists visit this country each year. • 3. One thing that makes Arabic as a foreign language difficult to master is that many different dialects are spoken, which mean that the Arabic in Egypt may not resemble to the Arabic in Morocco or Oman. • 4. Few people outside the city of Pittsburgh knows about its riverside trails where people bike or jog and enjoying the river scenery. • 5. According a reputable higher education website, at least 38 schools in the United Kingdom that offer courses in chemical engineering at the undergraduate level.

25. Combine the ideas into one sentence. You may change the word forms, but do not change or omit any ideas. There is more than one answer. 1. At least 20 percent of fruits are lost. At least 20 percent of vegetables are lost. This happens during picking. This also happens during sorting. This information is alarming. 2. English has verb tenses. There are 12 verb tenses. One verb tense in English is the present perfect tense. The present perfect tense is one of the most difficult verb tenses. This tense is difficult for English language learners. 3. English is an official language in New Zealand. Maori is an official language in New Zealand. Sign language is an official language in New Zealand. There are three official languages. Many people are surprised to learn this.