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Years: 449-1066 • Chronicle: The Anglo-Saxon period is often referred to as “The Dark Ages” because it is marked by bloodshed and barbarism. The British Isles were once home to Celtic warriors who successfully fought off Roman invasion for years until at last Rome’s massive military force became too much to handle. Once the Romans conquered Great Britain, they made it civilized in Roman fashion. Years passed and the urban lifestyle grew under Roman rule until early in the fifth century when the Romans had to leave so they could defend their original empire.
When the Romans left Britain, the civilization they created was left as an unprotected target for invaders. The Angles and the Saxons, who were fierce Germanic tribes, started their invasion of the unprotected land around 449. Though the remaining Brits fought against the invaders, they were eventually driven out. The central part of Britain was now the home of the Anglo-Saxons and took on a new name: Angle-land which is now pronounced England.
Culture Because of the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain, Anglo-Saxon culture became the foundation for English culture. One of the most prominent languages in the world—English--stems from the guttural Germanic language spoken by these Germanic invaders. We call this language “Old English,” and while it sounds very different from Modern English, it is the building block for English that is spoken today. Just as language changes, so did the Anglo-Saxon culture. These seafaring warriors had pagan beliefs and only believed in wyrd (fate). As they became a more settled people, they took on more Christian beliefs as more missionaries moved to the island.
Context: • Since the age of the Anglo-Saxon is marked with violence, the literature of this time reflects barbarism. Life was difficult and the people seemed to live in a perpetual winter of darkness. There was little to no humor in their writing, nor settings of spring or summer. Instead, the literature of the Anglo-Saxon period is mostly about the heroic struggles in the fight to survive.
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