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Chemical Storage Science: Panel co-leads: Steve Visco & Stan Whittingham

Thermodynamics. Kinetics. Structure. Synthesis. Energy. Power. Safety. Cost and Long Life. Corrosion/packaging design-bipolar. Ideas. Chemical Storage Science: Panel co-leads: Steve Visco & Stan Whittingham. More than Li-Ion. M. S. Whittingham, Chem. Rev. 104 , 4271, (2004).

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Chemical Storage Science: Panel co-leads: Steve Visco & Stan Whittingham

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  1. Thermodynamics Kinetics Structure Synthesis Energy Power Safety Cost and Long Life Corrosion/packaging design-bipolar Ideas Chemical Storage Science: Panel co-leads:Steve Visco & Stan Whittingham More than Li-Ion M. S. Whittingham, Chem. Rev. 104, 4271, (2004) Discovery Research Use-inspired Basic Research

  2. Systems scientific challenges:Can new ideas overcome them? Lithium Based Batteries Non-Lithium Based Batteries Is intercalation still the key? LiTiS2 - LiCoO2 - LiMn2O4 - LiFePO4 1973 1991 Why not more than 1 Li/redox ion? VSe2 - Li2VSe2; VOPO4-Li2VOPO4 Can reconstructive reactions work? Li/CuF2 nanocomposite What about new concepts? 3d cells Can sodium be extended beyond utilities? - Na/S - Zebra - beta alumina (Ford-1967) What about magnesium and aluminum Can zinc-air be made to work? - High polarization - Zinc plating - The air cathode What about flow systems? - Zinc/bromine - Bipolar technology Need new ideas - transformational changes G. Amatucci, J. Fluorine Chem, 128, 243 (2007)

  3. Materials scientific challenges:Can priority research thrusts solve them Anode Cathode What is the ideal anode? Can we ever solve the metal electroplating problem (lithium and other metals)? Must Li always be contained in another substance? - Carbon: - Titanium oxide spinels - Sn, Si: can they be made to work What is the ideal cathode? Is intercalation the only answer? Can theory predict the ideal composition? - Li1+x(MnzNiyCo1-y-z)1-xO2 Can characterization tell us exactly what happens in a cycling cell? - Which ions move, how, where and why? - Which ions oxidize/reduce first? Interfaces Electrolyte Charge-transfer at solid-solid interfaces? - Can we ever have an all solid-state cell? What is the optimum scenario for charge transfer in composite electrodes? Can we engineer and control the SEI layer? What is the ideal electrolyte? Can solvent-less systems be used? - Is there a role for ionic liquids? Is research on polymers over? The role of additives and redox couples?

  4. Materials:Do nanomaterials differ from micro? SONY nano-tin anode Lithium iron phosphate Phase behavior different - Nano shows single phase behavior • Much enhanced cycling capacity - “Bulk” shows two phase behavior Phase behavior different - Nano shows some single phase behavior • Enhanced power capability - “Bulk” shows two phase behavior Potential scientific impact Is nano the answer? - are there reactivity issues? Address the challenges? New scientific discoveries? M. S. Whittingham, J. Mater. Chem., in press (data from Kim &Kim) Quan Fan, Binghamton PhD Thesis

  5. Materials and Systems:Fundamental properties Thermodynamics Liquid Components System - well studied Materials - essentially no data today - FePO4 phases, stability range - Oxygen partial pressure of MO2 - The Electrolyte Viscosity, volatility, conductivity relationship Wettability Reactivity (beyond redox) - Ionic liquids (e.g. acid-base) - Intercalation (into electrodes) Ionic Mobility Synthesis and Reactivity The ‘real’ ionic mobility of key species - as function of state of charge The mobility of phase boundaries? Structural ions during charge/discharge - Ni in Li(MnCoNi)O2 - Cr in Li(Li0.2Cr0.4Mn0.4)O2 - Impact on electrochemistry Impact of Synthesis on atomic order - LiNiMnO2 - LiFePO4 - Control of morphology Reactivity - Controlled formation of films - With cell components, current collectors

  6. Chemical Storage Science:Addressing the scientific challenges Systems The Anode/Electrolye/Interface The Cathode Glenn Amatucci Khalil Amine Yet-Ming Chiang Martin Winter Austen Angell Richard Jow Linda Nazar Michael Thackeray Debra Rolison (w) Atsuo Yamada Theory and Modeling - Materials & Systems Characterization Challenges Gerbrand Ceder Ann Marie Sastry (w) Venkat Srinivasan Clare Grey Heike Gabrisch Robert Kostecki (w) Rosa Palacin Bold = sub-panel leader and writer. (w) = writer

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