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Free and Low-cost Online Legal Research. Tina S. Ching Reference Librarian. February 28, 2006. Real World Costs of Lexis and Westlaw… sort of. Access in Law School Billing Clients Overhead Costs Rate Increases Examples of Pricing. Pay versus Free. Search Function Annotations
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Free and Low-cost Online Legal Research Tina S. Ching Reference Librarian February 28, 2006
Real World Costs of Lexis and Westlaw… sort of • Access in Law School • Billing Clients • Overhead Costs • Rate Increases • Examples of Pricing
Pay versus Free • Search Function • Annotations • Lag Time • Information for your Clients • Not everything is online • Not everything can be bought
Starting Points • Free sites that provide access or links to various types of legal information • Does not always have good searching capabilities • May need to register • May be owned by major publisher
Starting Points - FindLaw Cases Codes News Links Forms Directory Jobs http://www.findlaw.com/
Starting Points - lexisone Cases Codes News Links Forms Directory Jobs http://www.lexisone.com/
Starting Points - LII Cases Codes News Links Directory http://www.law.cornell.edu/
Starting Points - GPO Access Bills Regulations U.S. Code Public Laws Reports http://www.gpoaccess.gov/
Cases • May be able to search multiple states at once • Date ranges of available cases vary • Keyword and Boolean searching may be available • May link to court’s website
Cases - FindLaw Miranda “motion picture” near copyright
Cases - Court Websites http://www.supreme.state.az.us/opin/ http://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/
Briefs • Briefs are not always available even with Westlaw • Supreme Court briefs are easier to find for free • Older briefs may only be available in print or microfiche
Briefs http://curiae.law.yale.edu/ http://supreme.lp.findlaw.com/supreme_court/resources.html
Court Rules • Court Rules are free But no annotations • Check the court’s website for a link to court rules • May have to “register” to access information • Access may be through publisher (i.e. West)
Court Rules - Arizona http://azrules.westgroup.com/home/azrules/default.wl
Statutes and Bills • Available for free! • No annotations • Not all info may be available • Older materials may not be available
Statutes - U.S. Code http://uscode.house.gov/
Statutes - Arizona http://www.azleg.state.az.us/
Bills - Thomas http://thomas.loc.gov/
Regulations • Federal Register has final rules and regulations, proposed rules and notices of administrative actions (such as hearings) • Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) is an annual subject compilation of the rules and regulations
Regulations - Agency Web Site http://www.epa.gov/epahome/lawregs.htm
Arizona Regulations http://www.azsos.gov/public_services/
California Regulations http://www.oal.ca.gov/
Washington Regulations http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/
City Ordinances • Not always available in Print • Usually linked to City’s website
Tempe City Code http://www.tempe.gov/citycode/
Secondary Sources • Mostly written for the public • Great for clients who want to do some research • Great for attorneys or students who want general information • Limited Information
Secondary Sources - Nolo http://www.nolo.com/
Secondary Sources - ABA http://www.abanet.org/public.html
Secondary Sources - State Bar http://www.azbar.org/LegalResources/brochures.cfm
Low Cost Alternatives • More advanced search functions than free resources • Can search multiple databases at once • Access to more secondary resources • Do not expect Lexis or Westlaw
Low Cost Alternatives - LoisLaw http://www.loislaw.com/
http://www.thelaw.net/ http://www.itislaw.com/ https://www.fastcase.com/Corporate/Home.aspx http://www.versuslaw.com/ Other Low Cost Alternatives
http://www.law.asu.edu/Library/researchguides Don’t Forget your Local Law Library • Access to paid databases usually only in the library • Westlaw Patron Access • Academic Universe • Congressional Universe • Research Guides often available online • Portals – links to free and subscription databases