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The Current State of Cryptographic Election Protocols

The Current State of Cryptographic Election Protocols. Josh Benaloh Microsoft Research. So, you want to hold an election …. Fundamental Decision. You have essentially two paradigms to choose from … Anonymized Ballots Ballotless Tallying. Anonymized Ballots. Ballotless Tallying.

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The Current State of Cryptographic Election Protocols

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  1. The Current Stateof CryptographicElection Protocols Josh Benaloh Microsoft Research

  2. So, you want to hold an election …

  3. Fundamental Decision You have essentially two paradigms to choose from … • Anonymized Ballots • Ballotless Tallying

  4. Anonymized Ballots

  5. Ballotless Tallying

  6. A Fundamental Trade-Off • Ballots simplify write-ins and other “non-standard” options. • Non-standard options can compromise privacy.

  7. The Mix-Net Paradigm • Chaum (1981) …

  8. The Mix-Net Paradigm

  9. The Mix-Net Paradigm Vote MIX Vote Vote Vote

  10. The Mix-Net Paradigm Vote MIX Vote Vote Vote

  11. The Mix-Net Paradigm Vote MIX MIX Vote Vote Vote

  12. The Homomorphic Paradigm • Benaloh (Cohen), Fischer (1985) …

  13. Tally The Homomorphic Paradigm

  14. Tally The Homomorphic Paradigm

  15. Some Principles of Election Protocols • Privacy • Verifiability • Robustness • Coercibility

  16. Privacy • Only one voter? • A unanimous tally? • Unanimous less one? • Copy cats? • Free-form ballots?

  17. Verifiability • By single trusted party? • By trusted committee? • By each voter? • By observers?

  18. Robustness • Against faulty/malicious voter? • Against faulty/malicious trustee? • At what cost to privacy?

  19. Coercibility • Before the vote? • During the vote? • After the vote? • By trustee, voter, or observer? • Free-form ballots?

  20. Some of the Authors • Mix-Net: Chaum, Fujioka, Okamoto, Ohta, Pfitzmann, Waidner, Park, Itoh, Kurosawa, Michels, Horster, Sako, Kilian, Abe, Hirt, Jakobsson, Juels, Rivest, Furukawa, Neff, Golle, Zhong, Boneh • Homomorphic: Benaloh, Fischer, Yung, Tuinstra, Sako, Kilian, Franklin, Cramer, Gennaro, Schoenmakers, Hirt, Kiayias

  21. And the winner is … The new robust mix-net protocols are practical and offer the most flexibility. Much recent work has concentrated on efficiency improvements. Issues remain concerning receipts and coercion. Practical concerns focus on authentication and system integrity.

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