BCH 400/600 – Introductory Biochemistry

1. BCH 400/600 – Introductory Biochemistry Instructor: David Shintani Office: 311C Fleischmann Ag. Lab: 308 Fleischmann Ag. E-mail: shintani@unr.edu Phone: (775) 784-4631

2. After BCH 400 BCH 400 is heavy on content!!! Before BCH 400

3. Come to class!!!!!!

4. Try not to fall behind!!

5. Review lecture notes. http://www.ag.unr.edu/shintani/bch400-600/index.html • Read book chapters.

6. Use tools to memorize Histidine?

7. Study in groups

8. Participate in the clicker system!!! 20 extra credit points!!

9. Feel Free to see me! My office hours are Tuedays from 2:00 to 3:00 PM Or e-mail me for a private audience

10. What is Biochemistry? • Biochemistry = chemistry of life. • Biochemists use physical and chemical principles to explain biology at the molecular level. • Basic principles of biochemistry are common to all living organism

11. How does biochemistry impact you? • Medicine • Agriculture • Industrial applications • Environmental applications

12. Principle Areas of Biochemistry • Structure and function of biological macromolecules • Metabolism – anabolic and catabolic processes. • Molecular Genetics – How life is replicated. Regulation of protein synthesis

13. Life Before Biochemistry

14. Once upon a time, a long long time ago….. Vitalism: idea that substances and processes associated with living organisms did not behave according to the known laws of physics and chemistry Evidence: • Only living things have a high degree of complexity • Only living things extract, transform and utilize energy from their environment • Only living things are capable of self assembly and self replication

15. Origins of Biochemistry: A challenge to “Vitalism.” Famous Dead Biochemist!

16. 1828 Friedrich Wohler • Dead Biochemist #1 Fallacy #1: Biochemicals can only be produced by living organisms

17. Fallacy #2: Complex bioconversion of chemical substances require living matter Dead Biochemists #2 • 1897 Eduard Buchner Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol

18. Fallacy #2: Complex bioconversion of chemical substances require living matter • Emil Fischer Dead Biochemists #3

19. 1926 J.B. Sumner Fallacy #2: Complex bioconversion of chemical substances require living matter Dead Biochemists #4

20. Findings of other famous dead biochemist • 1944 Avery, MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules • 1953 Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA • 1958 Crick proposed the central dogma of biology

21. Organization of Life • elements • simple organic compounds (monomers) • macromolecules (polymers) • supramolecular structures • organelles • cells • tissues • organisms

22. Range of the sizes of objects studies by Biochemist and Biologist 1 angstrom = 0.1 nm

23. Elements of Life Most abundant, essential for all organisms: C, N, O, P, S, H Less abundant, essential for all organisms : Na, Mg, K, Ca, Cl Trace levels, essential for all organism: Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn Trace levels, essential for some organisms: V, Cr, Mo, B, Al, Ga, Sn, Si, As, Se, I,

24. Important compounds, functional groups

25. Many Important Biomolecules are Polymers lipids proteins carbo nucleic acids monomer polymer supramolecular structure

26. monomer polymer supramolecular structure Lipids

27. monomer amino acid polymer protein subunit supramolecular structure Enzyme complex Proteins

28. Carbohydrates monomer polymer supramolecular structure

29. Nucleic Acids monomer polymer supramolecular structure

30. Common theme: Monomers form polymers through condensations Polymers are broken down through hydrolysis.

32. Prokaryote Cell

33. Cellular Organization of an E. coli Cell 200 – 300 mg protein / mL cytoplasm

34. Eukaryote Cell