Introduction to Embedded Systems Manuel Lois Anido Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Undergraduate Course in Compute

1. Introduction to Embedded Systems Manuel Lois Anido Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Undergraduate Course in Computer Science NCE/IM

2. Introduction to Embedded Systems • Course Objectives: • Study the Methods to Design and Implement Embedded Systems. It is an Interdisciplinary Course which Involves Software and Hardware Knowledge (mostly software). • Important Issues: • Arithmetic, Basic Hardware • Microcontrollers • Interrupts, Concurrency • Timing • Limited Resources • Finite State Machines • Connecting I/O Devices • Evaluation: • Theorethical Assignments • Practical Assignments

3. Course Outline • Introduction to Embedded Systems • Basic Electricity, Electronics Concepts and Devices • Integer and Fixed-Point Arithmetic • Overview of Popular Microcontrollers and DSPs with Associated Assembly Language • Using C and IDEs for System Development • Interrupts, DMA, Polling, Timers • Finite State Machines • Basic Microcontroller Interface Circuits – Parallel, Serial, Bar codes, Magnetic cards, smart cards, keyboards, LCDs, USB, SCSI, etc • Real-Time Systems Concepts and RTOS • Java/Jini for Embedded Devices

4. Embedded Systems’ Books • Course is centered on Slides and Papers • Text Books: • Embedded C – Michael J. Pont, Addison Wesley Publ. (C programming for 8051 line) • Microcontrolador 8051 Detalhado – Denys E. Nicolosi – Editora Érica • Microcontrolador PIC – PIC – Programação em C – Fabio Ferreira – Ed. Érica, • Desbravando o PIC – David José de Souza – Ed. Érica. • Embedded System Design: A unified Hardware/Software Introduction (Frank Vahid):www.cs.ucr.edu/content/esd/ (on line) • Useful Link on C programming for 8051 - http://www.spjsystems.com/c31exmpl.htm • Other Useful Books: • Basic Electronics: Any Basic Book that Describes Electronic Components • Computer Arithmetic: Computer Arithmetic – Algorithms and Hardware Designs – Behrooz Parhami – Oxford Press – ISBN – 0-19-512583-5 • C and the 8051 – Building Efficient Applications – Thomas W. Shultz – Prentice Hall PTR (seewww.amazon.com) • ARM and Texas DSP – Look for it at the Internet • Sistemas de Tempo Real: Livro Tempo Real em Formato Eletrônico (PDF) • Java/Jini: Look for it at the Internet

5. Embedded Systems’ Tools • Check Your CD-ROM • Tools for the 8051 line of Microcontrollers: • Keil System IDE: www.keil.com (BEST ONE for 8051 family) • EZ Downloader – To donwnload object code through serial port to program 8051 chips • PROTEUS and ISIS – CAD (or EDA) system with schematic capture and simulation • Tools for the PIC line of Microcontrollers: • CCS – C compiler for PIC Microcontroller • MPLAB – IDE from Microchip for PIC Microcontroller – Editor, File Manager, etc • PROTEUS and ISIS – EDA system with schematic capture and simulation • IC-Prog – To download object code through parallel or serial ports to program PIC chips

6. Embedded Systems - URLs • Development kits in Brazil: http://kit.microcontrolador.com

7. Course Evaluation • 2 simple homeworks (individual) ( Hw) • 1 Exam (Ex1) • 1 very simple project (group of two) (P1) • 1 project (group of two) (P2) • 1 final exam (individual) (Fe) • 1 exam that can substitute Ex1 or Fe • Evaluation: • Average = (0.6*Ex1 + [Ex1 *1.4*(Hw1 + Hw2 + P1 +P2)/4]/10)/2 • If Average >= 7 Pass else Go To Final Exam • If (Fe + Average)/2 >= 5 PASS Else Fail

8. Introduction MARKET (2001) PC´s !! • Embedded System is a small computer system that is generally hidden inside equipment (machine, electrical appliance) to increase the intelligence of the equipment for better or more efficient functionality. • This kind of system always involves both the software and hardware co-development. Embedded systems are often easier understood in term of Smart Devices, Intelligent, or Automated Equipment.

9. Market for Embedded Microprocessors About four (!) percent of the world’s microprocessors are used in computers. Source: Embedded Systems Programming, May 1999 embedded microprocessors Only 4% of the total number 8-bit 1 billion Motorola, ARM, MIPS, i960, x86, … 1 billion 8-bit 16-bit 1 billion 125 million PCs 32-bit 250 million Intel, AMD Average car has about 15 microprocessors. Mercedes S-class: 63 microprocessors !!

10. A “short list” of embedded systems And the list goes on and on . . . Anti-lock brakes Auto-focus cameras Automatic teller machines Automatic toll systems Automatic transmission Avionic systems Battery chargers Camcorders Cell phones Cell-phone base stations Cordless phones Cruise control Curbside check-in systems Digital cameras Disk drives Electronic card readers Electronic instruments Electronic toys/games Factory control Fax machines Fingerprint identifiers Home security systems Life-support systems Medical testing systems Modems MPEG decoders Network cards Network switches/routers On-board navigation Pagers Photocopiers Point-of-sale systems Portable video games Printers Satellite phones Scanners Smart ovens/dishwashers Speech recognizers Stereo systems Teleconferencing systems Televisions Temperature controllers Theft tracking systems TV set-top boxes VCR’s, DVD players Video game consoles Video phones Washers and dryers

11. Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) Word length: 16 bits (15 bits data + parity bit) First computer using integrated circuits (ICs) Magnetic core memory Fixed memory (ROM): 36,864 words Erasable memory (RAM): 2,048 words Number of instructions: 34 Cycle time: 11.7 msec Clock frequency: 85 kHz (!) Number of logic gates: 5,600 (2,800 packages) Weight: 30 kg Power consumption: 70 W

12. Technology Areas of Embedded Systems C, Java Languages Embedded Real-Time Program Embedded RTOS Network + Protocol Control Systems VHDL Verilog Real World Interfacing Human Computer Interaction Digital + Analog Circuit DSP Machine Intelligence Fixed Point Arithmetic