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TOPIC 4

TOPIC 4. BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT MEASURES. The Audiometer. Types Clinical Screening. The Audiometer. Components Pure tone oscillator Attenuator Interrupter switch Output transducer Headphones Supra-aural Insert Bone conduction vibrators Forehead Mastoid Loudspeakers.

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TOPIC 4

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  1. TOPIC 4 BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT MEASURES

  2. The Audiometer • Types • Clinical • Screening

  3. The Audiometer • Components • Pure tone oscillator • Attenuator • Interrupter switch • Output transducer • Headphones • Supra-aural • Insert • Bone conduction vibrators • Forehead • Mastoid • Loudspeakers

  4. Audiometer Components

  5. Pure Tone Audiometry “The aim of pure tone audiometry is to establish hearing threshold sensitivity across the range of audible frequencies important for communication”

  6. The Audiogram

  7. Air Conduction vs Bone Conduction Testing Air conduction tests the entire auditory system. Bone conduction bypasses the conductive mechanism, so it tests only the inner ear.

  8. Audiometric Symbols • Unmasked air conduction • Left ear • Right ear • Unmasked bone conduction • Left side • Right side • Masked air conduction • Left ear • Right ear • Masked bone conduction • Left ear • Right ear • No response

  9. What the Audiogram Says About the Impairment Within normal limits • Mild Moderate Severe Profound/deaf

  10. What the Audiogram Says About the Impairment The configuration of the hearing loss • Flat • Rising • Sloping

  11. What the Audiogram Says About the Impairment • The degree of hearing loss • The configuration of the hearing loss • The type of hearing loss • Conductive • Sensorineural • Mixed

  12. Establishing a Pure Tone Audiogram • Establish which is the better ear and test first • Start air conduction testing at 1000 Hz • Begin at 30 dB HL. If there is no response, increase intensity in 20 dB steps until you see a response • Follow the “down in 10, up in 5” rule

  13. ASHA Procedure Hypothetical threshold search for a listener whose threshold is 35 dB HL. A + indicates the listener heard the presentation, and a - shows the listener didn’t hear the tone. Notice that the hearing level of a trial is raised by 5 dB following a - and is lowered by 10 dB following a +.

  14. Establishing a Pure Tone Audiogram • After several crossings of the same intensity, pick threshold as an intensity where 50% of the time the listener responds correctly • Move to 2000 Hz, 3000 Hz, 4000 Hz, and 8000 Hz (as a minimum) • Pick up the low frequency (500 and 250 Hz) tones • Repeat for the other ear

  15. Speech Audiometry Uses: • Sensitivity for speech • Speech awareness threshold • Speech reception threshold • Pure tone cross check • Speech recognition • Differential diagnosis • Central auditory processing • Estimate of communicative function

  16. Speech Audiometry Materials • Types • Nonsense syllables • Monosyllabic words • Spondaic words • Sentence tests

  17. Speech Audiometry Relationship of redundancy of informational content and sensitivity to the effects of hearing loss on three types of speech recognition materials

  18. Speech Audiometry • Intrinsic redundancy • Extrinsic redundancy • Frequency--low pass filtering • Time--time compression • Intensity--high presentation levels • Competition--speech in noise • Binaural--dichotic measures

  19. Speech Audiometry Relationship of intrinsic and extrinsic redundancy to speech recognition ability in normal listeners

  20. Speech AudiometryClinical Methods • Speech thresholds • Speech Reception threshold • Start audible • Present four spondees • Calculate percent-correct response • Follow down in 10, up in 5 rule • Stop at an intensity that provides 50%

  21. Speech AudiometryClinical Methods • Speech thresholds • Speech Reception threshold • Speech Awareness threshold • Word recognition testing

  22. Word Recognition Testing Things to consider: • Materials • Goals? • Amount of extrinsic redundancy you need? • Language level? • Other special needs or considerations?

  23. Word Recognition Testing Things to consider: • Materials • Presentation • Monaural? • Binaural? • Headphones? • Sound field?

  24. Word Recognition Testing Things to consider: • Materials • Presentation • Presentation Level • Maximal ability • Normal conversational level

  25. Speech Audiometry Interpreting speech discrimination results. Typical results based on disorder site

  26. Other Behavioral Measures Uses: • To determine a functional or exaggerated hearing loss • To provide additional information necessary to fit amplification • To determine the presence of recruitment and adaptation • To determine some measure of binaural integrity

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