URBAN CADASTRE IN ETHIOPIA

1. URBAN CADASTREIN ETHIOPIA Presented to ALGAF By Daniel Tadesse April, 2006 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

2. Topics/Contents: • BACKROUND • Historical Development • Types of Cadastre • Basic Components of Cadastre • URBAN CADASTRE IN ETHIOPIA • Historical • Current Status • EFFORTS MADE & PROBLEMS • CONCLUSION & SOME KEY ISSUES Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

3. BACKGROUND A CADASTRE is: An official public record usually maintained to register the ownership rights of land in a given jurisdiction. It records location, physical description, value, any improvement on the parcel, rights to the parcel (occupancy, ownership, right of way, etc) as well as the exact nature of these rights. Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

4. BACKGROUND CONT… HISTORICAL There are twofold interests that initiated cadastre or land registration: • Owner of the land • The government Evidences that confirm land registration activity since the early stage of human development: • The Holly Bible • Tombs in Ancient Egypt • The Romans The activity of cadastre as a modern & systematic way emerged in Europe, Particularly France (the famous French cadastre by 1807). Today in most of the developed world land related information serves different purpose with the use of advanced technology. However, in most of the developing world it is difficult to find real cadastre or land registration system. Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

5. BACKGROUND CONT… TYPES OF CADASTRE • Cadastres can be divided into three types: • Fiscal • Legal and • Multipurpose cadastre Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

6. BACKGROUND CONT… COMPONENTS OF CADASTRE a) Land Registration • Every land administration system should include some sort of land registration, • Land registration provides safe and certain foundation of the acquisition, enjoyment and disposal of rights in land • The main purpose of registration is to keep records. Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

7. BACKGROUND CONT… b) Property Taxation • Agricultural Settlements • Valuation (Market, Income, Potential) • Basic Municipal Income Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

8. BACKGROUND CONT… c) Cadastral Surveying & Mapping • Carried out for the purpose of providing information for the drawing of cadastral map. • Cadastral map refers to any map on scale large enough to show every field or plot of land and buildings. • Three sets of complimentary techniques of cadastral surveying are common: field/ground surveying, photogrametry, and remote sensing Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

9. CADASTRE IN ETHIOPIA a) Land Tenure & Registration • The Absence of Capital City until 1886 Prevented the Emergence of Property in Land • The 1907 First Land Related Proclamation Recognized Private Ownership • The 1931 & 1955 first & revised Constitutions further secured Citizens the Right to Keep the Land they Own Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

10. CADASTRE IN ETHIOPIA Land Tenure & Registration Cont… ■PROC. No. 47/1975 Nationalized Urban Land & Extra Houses • Proclamation No. 80 of 1993 issued a Decree stating that all urban land is to be governed by the lease policy • Lease is being practiced almost in all urban centers Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

11. CADASTRE IN ETHIOPIA Land Tenure & Registration Cont.. • Voluntary & Obligatory Registration Registrations of lands are of different type ▪ Registration of New Allocations ▪ Registration of Old Occupations ▪ Registration of Subdivision ▪ Registration of Transfers Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

12. CADASTRE IN ETHIOPIA b) Property Taxation • The 1907 Proclamation obliges every landholder to pay an annual tax of 5 per 1000 of the assessed value • Lack of cadastre makes Difficult Valuation • Land tax is paid based on the land area, location & land use Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

13. CADASTRE IN ETHIOPIA c) Surveying & Mapping • Since its establishment the EMA produces large scale aerial photographs ranging from 1:8000 to 1:20,000 • For planning purpose it also provides maps on scales 1:2,000; 1:2,500; 1:5,000; and 1:10,000 • Old and un updated aerial photographs & maps Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

14. EFFORTS SO FAR EXERTED • Cadastre System in Addis Ababa after the 1907 proclamation by technical assistance from France • Establishment of Multipurpose cadastre system project around 1995 • Cadastre Projects in Four Regional Towns with a Technical Assistance of GTZ • Currently Federal Government Project. Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

15. EFFORTS CONT… • However, all these efforts could not be Successful, because  Less or no support from decision makers,  Less or no adequate technical knowledge about cadastre,  Institutional, legal and financial problems,  Absence or weak central coordination,  All the projects rushed to implementation without any project document,  Absence or lack of appropriate trainings,  Lack of qualified manpower, Poor or no quality control mechanism,  Underutilization of modern instruments, and  Lack of capacity or initiative to create awareness at all levels or for all stakeholders. Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

16. PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED • The main problems and reasons, which initiate the need for establishing a cadastral or land information system a) Inadequate and incomplete transfer registration. b) Considerable residents in urban areas lack title for their property. c) Increasing land disputes. Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

17. PROBLEMS CONT… d) Problems identified in the process of assessment by the Municipality: • Absence of sufficient information for valuation • That there is no appealing procedure • There is no accountability or checking mechanisms • There is no specifically assigned and trained personnel • the whole procedure of assessment is free for back door dealings. Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

18. PROBLEMS CONT… e) Squatter settlements or illegal constructions are growing alarmingly f) Due to lack of sufficient information, it is impossible to plan and implement development projects. g) Inadequate revenue collection from land and building. Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

19. Conclusion: Some Key Issues • The need for land information system has become an urgent necessity. • Many cities are currently considering GIS as a vital tool in their strategy to improve the quality and control of urban planning and management • Towns in our country would benefit a lot from establishing an evolutionary cadastral system. Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

20. Conclusion: Some Key Issues • Decide which government organ and at which level is to be responsible. Because information concerning land is of common interest to various agencies. • Improve the institutional capacity of municipalities. Moreover, make sure that data collection is not an end by itself. • Introduce proper methods of valuation for properties. Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

21. Conclusion: Some Key Issues • Make the public and other potential users of cadastral system aware of the purpose, benefits and obligatory procedures. • Consider the activity establishing the system as a process rather than an end by itself. • Cadastre and land registration require a proper legal basis. Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

22. Urban Cadastre In Ethiopia THANK YOU Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse