Fetal Development

1. Fetal Development

2. Lesson Objective The student will explain the development of a fetus in the uterus. Subobjective 1: The student will describe the different fetal development stages. Subobjective 2: The student will determine how the embryo gets nourishment. Subobjective 3: The student will explain how the mother and fetus affect each other's health.

3. Vocabulary Overview

4. Building Background Click the buttons to reveal questions. List the stages of fetal development. Describe the key events of each trimester during a pregnancy. How does the fetus receive nutrients and oxygen from the mother?

5. After T or F Before T or F Statement The blastocyst implants into the uterus. The amniotic sac is how the mother and fetus exchange nutrients and oxygen. The umbilical cord contains arteries only, no veins. The blood flow of the mother and fetus never mix but do flow past each other. Human pregnancies are divided into 3 trimesters.

6. Frayer Model Fill in each box with the relevant information for the given vocabulary word. • Diploid • Chromosomes of mother combine with chromosomes of father • Cell that forms from a female egg being fertilized from a male sperm Zygote • Human zygote

7. Frayer Model Fill in each box with the relevant information for the given vocabulary word. • The surface cells allow the blastocyst to implant into the uterine wall. • Small enough to fit inside the eye of Roosevelt on a dime • A hallow ball of cells formed from the developing zygote Blastocyst • Human blastocyst

8. Frayer Model • These three layers include the ectoderm, mesoderm, and the endoderm. • A stage of fetal development when three cell layers begin to develop Embryo • Humanembryo

9. Frayer Model • Allows for the exchange of wastes, nutrients, and oxygen • The organ that connects the mother to the fetus Placenta • Human placenta

10. Frayer Model Fill in each box with the relevant information for the given vocabulary word. • Starting to take on appearance of the species • A stage of development from 9 weeks until birth Fetus • Human Fetus

11. Fertilization Occurs when the sperm enters the egg and their nuclei fuse. As soon as one sperm enters the outer layer of the egg, a protective shield keeps any more sperm from entering. Click here to discover what happens when the egg is penetrated. Once the egg is fertilized, it travels down the fallopian tubes to the uterus. As it travels, it divides rapidly and transforms from a zygote to a blastocyst.

12. Implantation The blastocyst implants into the uterine wall. Pregnancy has now begun. The blastocyst develops three cell layers. Blastocyst Blastocyst 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm Once these layers form, the blastocyst is now referred to as an embryo.

13. Embryonic Membranes There are many structures that protect and nourish the growing fetus. Placenta: the organ that connects the mother to the fetus 1 3 2 Amniotic Sac: a sac filled with amniotic fluid that cushions the fetus from temperature changes and sudden shock Umbilical Cord: consists of two arteries and a vein that transport oxygen. Other nutrients and waste also travel through the cord. Do the mother's blood and the fetus's blood ever mix? The blood of the mother and fetus never mix to prevent the mother's body from rejecting the fetus and ending the pregnancy.

14. Trimesters Human pregnancy is divided up into 3 trimesters that are about 13 weeks long. Many hormones are involved in maintaining the pregnancy: Estrogen Progesterone Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

15. First Trimester Embryonic stem cells differentiate into their future tissue or organ. Embryos are more susceptible to genetic errors, chemicals, or anything harmful the mother may consume.

16. First Trimester Click the images below to link to online video animations. Weeks 1-9 Weeks 10-14

17. Second Trimester The fetus continues to develop physically and mentally. This results in increased movement that the mother can start to feel.

18. Second Trimester Click the images below to link to online video animations. Weeks 15-20 Weeks 21-27

19. Third Trimester Fetus has now reached its largest size. While most of the major organs and tissues are formed, the fetus is now focused on gaining weight.

20. Third Trimester Click the images below to link to online video animations. Weeks 28-38

21. Health of the Fetus The fetus completely depends on the mother for all of its nutrients. These nutrients include: Toxic chemicals taken by the mother can interfere with the fetus's development and lead to disabilities and deformities in the child.

22. Health of the Mother Just as the fetus is affected by the mother's intake, the mother is affected by the fetus. Pull Pull

23. Review Questions A scientist wants to change the DNA of a sexually reproducing organism and have the new DNA present in every cell of the organism. In order to do this after fertilization, she would change the DNA in the ______. testes of the father. zygote. ovaries of the mother. placenta.

24. Review Questions Abnormalities present in the cells that line the uterus may prevent the production of offspring by directly interfering with the __________________.

25. Review Questions The drinking of alcoholic beverages by a pregnant woman is harmful to the development of her fetus. This is most damaging early in a pregnancy because during this time ____________________.

26. Review Questions Gestation for a human embryo ends when___________.

27. Review Questions The embryo is protected from shock by a substance called _______________.

28. Wrap Up Explain how nutrients and oxygen are transported between the mother and her fetus.