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Blood Transfusions

Blood Transfusions. Role of Blood. Supplies oxygen and nutrients Transports cellular waste Provides defenses against infection Regulates body temperature Helps maintain acid-base balance Regulates fluids and electrolytes. Objectives of transfusion therapy. Maintain blood volume

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Blood Transfusions

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  1. BloodTransfusions

  2. Role of Blood • Supplies oxygen and nutrients • Transports cellular waste • Provides defenses against infection • Regulates body temperature • Helps maintain acid-base balance • Regulates fluids and electrolytes

  3. Objectives of transfusion therapy • Maintain blood volume • Maintain O2 carrying capacity • Maintain coagulation

  4. Cellular RBC WBC Platelets Plasma Serum Protein Lipids Electrolytes Vitamins CHO Urea Bilirubin Gases Blood Composition

  5. Whole blood RBCs Deglycerolized RBCs Washed RBCs WBCs Plasma Fresh Fresh frozen plasma Factor VIII Serum albumin Plasma protein fraction Platelet Concentrates Blood and Components of Blood

  6. Autologous Transfusions • Patient’s own blood • Eliminated dangers of infection and transfusion reaction • Collection methods • Scheduled intervals pre-op • Hemo-dilution during surgery • Salvage from operative site • Closed drainage system post-op

  7. Preparation • Baseline vital signs • Pre-transfusion teaching • Verifying consent • Assemble equipment • Obtaining the blood

  8. Verification by 2 nurses • Inspect blood • Record serial numbers • Compare with patient’s blood tag • Identify the patient • Verify the name • Have patient state name

  9. Administration • Start infusion slowly • Stay with patient for 15 minutes • Take vital signs at 15 minutes • Take vital signs frequently • Agitate blood gently • Document patient tolerance

  10. Non-hemolytic Reactions • Volume overload • Febrile reaction • Hives and rash • Severe allergic anaphylactic reactions • Infection

  11. Hemolytic Reactions • Delayed hemolytic • Acute hemolytic • Mild form • Severe form

  12. Nursing Actions • Stop the transfusion and keep an IV open with NS • Notify the physician • Recheck all labels • Monitor vitals • Follow physician orders • For a serious reaction. • Have blood drawn • Collect urine • Monitor I & O • Observe for shock

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