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Chapter 7

Chapter 7. Skeletal system. Skeletal system is made up of-. 206 bones in the adult skeleton Composed of cartilage and bone Includes the joint, cartilage and ligament systems Is the internal frame work of the body that allows for motion and protection

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Chapter 7

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  1. Chapter 7 Skeletal system

  2. Skeletal system is made up of- • 206 bones in the adult skeleton • Composed of cartilage and bone • Includes the joint, cartilage and ligament systems • Is the internal frame work of the body that allows for motion and protection • Always changing due to stress and blood calcium levels • Very active and alive tissue

  3. Bone function: • Support • Protection • Movement • Storage-minerals and fat • Blood cell formation-within bone marrow

  4. Bone types: • compact-dense and smooth • Spongy-open and rough with many holes

  5. osteoblasts 1. functions in bone deposition by secreting collagen, 2. cannot undergo mitosis osteocytes 1. mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts; 2. principle bone cell, 3. cannot undergo mitosis, 4. maintain daily cellular activities (i.e. exchange of nutrients & wastes with blood) osteoclasts 1. functions in bone resorption(i.e. destruction of bone matrix), 2. important in development, growth, maintenance & repair of bone

  6. Bone classification: • Long bones-long and thin with mostly compact bone-femur • Short bones-cube shaped and mostly spongy bone-wrist and ankle • Flat bones-thin, flattened and curved-spongy bone sandwiched between two layers of compact bone-skull and ribs • Irregular bones-do not fit into any of the above categories-vertibra

  7. Bone markings: • The ridges, holes and bumps on the bone-where tendons, muscles and ligaments attach along with where nerves and blood vessels pass through the bone

  8. Two major types of bone markings: • Projections or processes-growth is outward-words that start with a “T” • Depressions or cavities-grooves or indentations-words with a “F” except for facets

  9. Site of muscle attachment-projections: • Tuberosity-large rounded projection • Trochanter-very large, blunt irregular shaped projection-found on femur only • Tubercle-small rounded projection • Epicondyle-raised area above a condyle • Crest-ridge of bone, very prominent • Line-ridge of bone, less prominent • Spine-sharp, slender, pointed projection

  10. Joint projections: • Condyle-rounded articular projection • Ramus-armlike bar of bone • Head-bone expansion with narrow neck • Facet-smooth, flat-like surface

  11. Bone depressions: • Fissure-narrow, slit-like opening • Foramen-round or oval opening in bone • Groove-furrow • Fossa-shallow, basin like depression-on atricular surface • Meatus-canal-like passage • Sinus-cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

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