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Title slide site A

Title slide site A. Electrical Geophysical Surveys of Oil Field Saline Water Contamination, Osage Skiatook Petroleum Environmental Research Site. Bruce D. Smith (USGS) Haoping Haung (Geophex Ltd) James K. Otton (USGS) Robert A. Zielinski (USGS) Yousif K. Kharaka (USGS) and

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Title slide site A

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  1. Title slide site A Electrical Geophysical Surveys of Oil Field Saline Water Contamination, Osage Skiatook Petroleum Environmental Research Site Bruce D. Smith (USGS) Haoping Haung (Geophex Ltd) James K. Otton (USGS) Robert A. Zielinski (USGS) Yousif K. Kharaka (USGS) and Marvin M. Abbott (USGS)

  2. Skiatook Lake “B” site Location Map

  3. Ground Geophysical Surveys ►2001 EM31 terrain conductivity and DC Resistivity depth sounding ►2003 Borehole conductivity and Gamma logging ► 2004 Borehole conductivity and GEM2A terrain conductivity ► 2005 GEM2A terrain conductivity including from boat and some borehole conductivity

  4. B Site Geology 50 0 100 ft 0 10 20 30 m BE01 x N BA01 x ? x x BE03 BE02 BA03 G x ? G BE18 x x BE19 x BE04 L x x BE05 G B’ BE06 x BE15 x BE10 x x BE14 BE08 G x x BA02 BE09 BE07 BE11 x x x x S BE12 B x G BE13 G x S G BE16 Good slug test x x Shoreline December 2001 BE17 Slug test failed L Shoreline March 2001 Legend Road cut exposures Alluvium Exposed lake bottom Road Oil-impacted soils Colluvium Colluvium on Water G- gravel and boulders Sandstone Artificial fill hillslopes Shale Survey station S- Sand Graded cut area, Thick colluvial apron deposits Sandstone Stripped of soil cover next to road Drainage trace L- lake bottom silt, mud, (based on float) Soil profile intact Pit and organic matter Sandstone Tanks (outcrop along creek) Salt scar Salt scar Salt scar Pit Skiatook Lake

  5. B site photo

  6. B Site Cross Section Colluvium Weathered shale Unweathered shale WEATHERED BEDROCK CONDUCTIVITY 1000 100 10

  7. EM31 conductivity map B site High apparent electrical conductivities shown in warmer colors

  8. EM31 4m 1960 Photo

  9. 2005 Conductivity Survey GEM2 2005 conductivity survey including survey from boat. Leveling between boat and land is approximate at this point.

  10. LOCATION MAP OSPER SITE A STRATIGRAPHIC DRILL HOLE DETAIL DRILLING SITE SKIATOOK LAKE

  11. Drill Hole AA02

  12. A Site EM31 conductivity on orthophoto

  13. Shallow Apparent Conductivity Conductivity 2001 survey Conductivity 2003 GEM2 survey

  14. GEM2 Conductivity Depth Image (EW) 650 400 150 20 0 Conductivity (mS/m) 0 200 400 600 0 0 1 5 2 Depth (Ft) mS/m Depth (m) 3 10 4 15 (a) EM inversion (b) Conductivity Logging (c) DC sounding (d) Conductivity Logging In AA03 In AA02 Near AA02

  15. Lake is not the only H2O input to system

  16. Run off measurements

  17. Line locations Red is 29 Black is 27 200% 90% 30% 20% 0% -20% -40% Percentage change 29 to 27 GEM2 surveys

  18. GEM2 Composite Conductivity High Frequency Data in Bay from dry conditions includes part of 2005 data

  19. GEM2 Conductivity High Frequency Data in Bay from boat

  20. Conclusions conclusions ► Ground conductivity effective in measurement of subsurface brine concentration and shallow temporal variations ► Subsurface conductivities tied to both ground water and soluble salts (above water table) ► Electrical conductivity can be related to the spatial distribution of chloride concentrations

  21. ► Ft Peck brines above Bear Paw Shale in and above water table ► Soluble salts above water table Coal Bed Methane development ► Salinity in ground water – several Texas studies (Paine) Implications For Other Studies

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