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INT 313: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION Fall 2002 12 November 2002 The Genesis of the United Nations

INT 313: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION Fall 2002 12 November 2002 The Genesis of the United Nations Summary (05.11.2002) Activities of the League of Nations The Control of Political and Military Conflict (International Security Issues) Economic and Social Issues

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INT 313: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION Fall 2002 12 November 2002 The Genesis of the United Nations

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  1. INT 313: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONFall 200212 November 2002The Genesis of the United Nations INT 313

  2. Summary (05.11.2002) Activities of the League of Nations • The Control of Political and Military Conflict (International Security Issues) • Economic and Social Issues General Assessment of the League of Nations INT 313

  3. Lecture Outline (12.11.2002)The Genesis of the United Nations • Preliminary Stages of Postwar Planning • The Dumbarton Oaks Conversations • From Yalta to San Francisco • The San Francisco Conference • Establishment of the UN INT 313

  4. Preliminary Stages of Postwar Planning • United States • Commission to the Study of Peace (1939, yearly reports) • Commission for a Just and Durable Peace • Established by Federal Council of Churches • Declaration on World Peace, 1943 • Others • American Federation of Labor • Council on Foreign Relations • Foreign Policy Association INT 313

  5. Preliminary Stages of Postwar Planning • Great Britain • League of Nations Union • Carnegie Endowment for Int Peace and International Chamber of Commerce • Postwar economic construction and trade relations INT 313

  6. Preliminary Stages of Postwar Planning • USA and Canada • In the field of int law • 200 judges, govt officials, lawyers etc • The International Law of the Future: Postulates Principles, Proposals, 1943 • Second one btw. 600 participants • The International Court of the United Nations Organization, 1943 INT 313

  7. Preliminary Stages of Postwar Planning • Non-Govt initiated govt organs • USA, 1942, a committee was established within the Department of State • At first, regional decentralized organizations were proposed. INT 313

  8. Preliminary Stages of Postwar Planning • Governmental Activities • Inter-Allied Declaration, June 1941 • By British Commonwealth governments and European governments-in-exile • Not referred the establishment of an organization • Cooperation in threat elimination, economic and social security INT 313

  9. Preliminary Stages of Postwar Planning 2. Atlantic Charter, August 1941 • By Roosevelt and Churchill • Establishment of an “effective international organization” • January 1942: Declaration by United Nations (26 countries) INT 313

  10. Preliminary Stages of Postwar Planning 3. Moscow Declaration, October 1943 • USSR, USA, UK, China • Clearly pledged thier efforts for the establishment of a general international organization INT 313

  11. Preliminary Stages of Postwar Planning 4. Tehran Declaration, November 1943 • Roosevelt, Stalin, Churchill INT 313

  12. 2. Dumbarton Oaks Conversations The background for the establishment of an IO was prepared by the preliminary efforts. Now, the details... Mid-1944, Dumbarton Oaks Two level Conferences October 9, 1944 a final document was reached. INT 313

  13. 2. Dumbarton Oaks Conversations • Security provisions of the emerging Charter. Security Council General Assmebly Secreteriat Court b. Voting Issues (veto power) c. Membership Issues (Soviet Republics) d. Court (whether continuation or not) INT 313

  14. 3. From Yalta to San Francisco February 1945; Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin with their foreign ministers met at Yalta a. Voting Issues (veto power) Unanimity in substantive matters abstention of great powers in issues related with them b. Membership Issues (Soviet Republics) Ukraine and Belarus c. A general conference would be held in San Francisco on April 25. (Dumbarton Oaks and Yalta would be the bases) d. Trusteeship System INT 313

  15. 4. The San Francisco Conference The UN Conference on Int Organization • Discussions on Voting Formula • Trusteeship and ECOSOC • Small Powers • GA • Sec. Gen. • ICJ INT 313

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