mel 341 : gas dynamics jet propulsion

1. MEL 341 : GAS DYNAMICS & JET PROPULSION P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department

3. A Research Area, where Group Efforts were Major Failures��

4. History of Early Jet Engines Sir Isaac Newton in the 18th century was the first to theorize that a rearward-channeled explosion could propel a machine forward at a great rate of speed. This theory was based on his third law of motion. As the hot air blasts backwards through the nozzle the plane moves forward. Henri Giffard built an airship which was powered by the first aircraft engine, a three-horse power steam engine. It was very heavy, too heavy to fly.

5. Giffard�s Air Ship

6. Performance of Griffard�s Airship The airship successfully flew on the 24th September 1852, launching from the Paris Hippodrome and flying 27km (17 miles) to Elancourt, near Trappes. The small engine was not very powerful and it could not overcome the prevailing winds to allow Giffard to make the return flight. The top speed of Giffard's airship was just six miles per hour. However, he did manage to turn the airship in slow circles, proving that in calm conditions controlled flight was possible.

7. Hiram Maxim -- Triple Biplane In 1894, American Hiram Maxim tried to power his triple biplane with two coal fired steam engines. Maxim began his aerial experiments at Baldwyns Park, England, leading to the construction in 1893 of his enormous biplane Test-Rig, which weighed about 7,000 pounds. The machine's two steam engines each produced 180 h.p. and turned two pusher propellers each 17-1/2 feet in diameter. The device was intended to be a test vehicle it was held to a track, preventing it from rising more than a couple of feet.

8. Samuel Langley:Aerodrome Samuel Langley made a model airplanes that were powered by steam engines. In 1896, he was successful in flying an unmanned airplane with a steam-powered engine, called the Aerodrome. It flew about 1 mile before it ran out of steam. Otto in the late 1800's, invented the first gasoline engine. He then tried to build a full sized plane, the Aerodrome A, with a gas powered engine. In 1903, it crashed immediately after being launched from a house boat.

9. A Narrow Gap Between Success & Failure The would-be aeronauts of the nineteenth century closely studied the flight of birds and began building flying machines patterned after avian structures. Their birdlike craft failed miserably. They quickly realized that in reality they knew nothing about the lift and drag forces acting on surfaces cutting through the atmosphere. To fly, man first had to understand the flow of air over aircraft surfaces. This meant that he had to build instrumented laboratories in which wings, fuselages, and control surfaces could be tested under controlled conditions. Thus it is not surprising that the first wind tunnel was built a full 30 years before the Wrights' success at Kitty Hawk. A science called Aerodynamics leading to Gas dynamics. A Technology called Jet Propulsion

10. Jet Propulsion with Gas Dynamics

11. The Successful Invention In 1903, the Wright Brothers flew, "The Flyer", with a 12 horse power gas powered engine. From 1903, the year of the Wright Brothers first flight, to the late 1930s the gas powered reciprocating internal-combustion engine with a propeller was the sole means used to propel aircraft.

12. Propeller Engines

13. Propeller Aircraft