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PAVEMENT CONDITION SURVEYS

Lecture 4. PAVEMENT CONDITION SURVEYS. Instructional Objectives. Need for condition surveys Collection methodologies Four basic types of condition surveys Different procedures and equipment available. Need for Condition Surveys. Evaluate current condition of pavement

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PAVEMENT CONDITION SURVEYS

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  1. Lecture 4 PAVEMENT CONDITION SURVEYS

  2. Instructional Objectives • Need for condition surveys • Collection methodologies • Four basic types of condition surveys • Different procedures and equipment available

  3. Need for Condition Surveys • Evaluate current condition of pavement • Determine rates of deterioration • Project future conditions • Determine maintenance & rehabilitation needs • Determine costs of repairs • Prepare plans for repairs

  4. Types of Surveys • Distress Surveys • Structural Capacity • Roughness (Ride Quality) • Skid Resistance (Surface Friction)

  5. Distress Surveys • Type of distress • Severity • Extent of distress present on the pavement

  6. Distress Surveys Types • Paser • Paver • SHRP • Asphalt Institute • Texas Transportation Institute

  7. Paser • Asphalt • Concrete • Gravel Roads

  8. Paser Distress-Asphalt Uses visual inspection techniques Surface defects Surface deformation Cracks Patches and potholes

  9. Paser Distress-Concrete • Uses Visual inspection techniques • Surface defects • Joints • Pavement cracks • Pavement deformation

  10. LTPP Distress Asphalt Concrete

  11. LTPP Distress-Asphalt Cracking Patching and potholes Surface deformations Surface defects Misc distress

  12. LTPP Distress-Concrete Cracking Joint deficiencies Surface defects Misc distresses

  13. Paver Distress Asphalt Concrete

  14. Paver Distress-Asphalt Alligator cracking Block crack Distortions Longitudinal and transverse cracking Patching and utility cuts Rutting

  15. Paver Distress- Concrete Blow-ups and Buckling Corner break D cracking Linear cracking Polished aggregate Pumping

  16. Ride QualityIRI (International Roughness Index) IRI is calculated from longitudinal profile measured with a road profiler in both wheelpaths. The average IRI of the two wheelpaths is reported as the roughness of the pavement section.

  17. ROUGHNESS SURVEY • Survey the outside lane. • For undivided highways survey one direction. • For divided highways survey the outside lane in both directions. • For each survey cycle use the same direction(s) of travel and survey lane(s).

  18. IRI CALCULATION International Roughness Index (IRI) - The IRI is computed from a single longitudinal profile using a quarter-car simulation as described in the report, "On the Calculation of IRI from Longitudinal Road Profile." [Sayers 95]

  19. Ride QualityRUT DEPTH MEASUREMENT 3 Rutting Sensors • 1.7 m

  20. WHAT IS REPORTED?

  21. 45 40 35 30 Percent of Measurements within the Section 25 20 15 10 5 0 Level 2 Level 1 Level 3 Level 4 Severity Level SAMPLE DATA AGGREGATION

  22. Structural Capacity • Not routinely collected for pavement monitoring • Mainly used for selecting and designing rehabilitation strategies • Can reduce maintenance and rehabilitation costs

  23. Structural EvaluationDestructive Testing • Coring • Laboratory testing • Excavation of pits • Field CBR

  24. Structural EvaluationNon-Destructive Testing • Benkelman Beam • Dynaflect • Road Rater • FWD • Rolling Deflectometer • GPR

  25. Automated Distress Surveys • Increase speed and ease of data collection • Reduce transcription errors • Increase consistency between classification and quantification • Increase safety of field crews

  26. Automated Condition Survey Equipment • Used by most states to collect: • Pavement friction • Roughness • Profile • Rut depth • Deflection data

  27. Classes of Automated Data Collection • Distress images collected on film or high resolution video and: • analyzed while the vehicle collects data • analyzed in the office after data collection • analyzed after data collection by viewing the images • Lasers are used to determine changes in surface texture

  28. Rolling Weight Deflectometer • Primary objectives are: • Develop an RWD suitable for network level analysis • Collect data at speeds of 50 mph • Output will be a structural index • Measure maximum deflection, pavement temperature, station numbers, and day and time of test

  29. Rolling Weight Deflectometer • Phase I • Identified deflection measurements • Phase II • Highway speeds • Deflection response converted to a structural index

  30. Rolling Weight Deflectometer • Objective is to compare relative structural strengths • Identify weak links • Deflection basins, magnitudes, loads and temperatures • Processed in real time • Continuously measured at 1 foot intervals

  31. Distress Data Collection • Visual survey • Laser technology • Film-based systems • Video systems

  32. Drainage Surveys • Poor drainage causes poor pavement performance • Water on a pavement can: • create a hazard to motorists • saturate the subgrade soil • deteriorate the pavement

  33. Load Load capacity can be increased by an overlay Moisture If proper drainage is not provided during rehabilitation, the same moisture related distress will recur Pavement failure is caused by:

  34. Signs of Deficient Drainage • Standing water in ditchlines • Concentrated weed growth in ditchline or edge of pavement • Evidence of water ponding on shoulder • Deteriorated joint or crack sealants • Any evidence of pumping

  35. How Much Data to Collect? • To support network-level analysis • Sampling processes • Two sampling procedures: • Network sampling • Section sampling

  36. Network Sampling • Less samples needed when total number in the whole increases • To determine average condition: • Sample 2 - 5% • To predict the distribution of condition: • Sample 10 - 25% • To predict cost of repairs, restorations: • Sample 30 - 35% • Most states survey 10%

  37. Section Sampling • To identify sections of pavement in a selected condition level, the condition of each section must be defined • If a windshield survey is used: • entire section should be inspected • If a walking or automated survey is used: • a portion of the section is adequate

  38. Frequency of Surveys • Not all sections need to be inspected every year • Interstates and more important sections can be inspected every year • Sections with lower usage can be inspected every second or third year • Use of a condition project method to utilize a common period for analysis

  39. Instructional Objectives • Need for condition surveys • Collection methodologies • Four basic types of condition surveys • Different procedures and equipment available

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