the fruits

1. The Fruits The frut is the devoloped , fertilized, mature ovary or ovaries of a single flower. Function: to protect and nourish the seed during development.

2. A-Superior Fruits: e.g Linseed, Solanaceae, Mustard. B-Inferior fruits: Cardamom, Umbelliferae

4. The Fruit is Classified into True False The Gynoecium only The Gynoecium + other floral parts

8. Succulent (fleshy pericarp) Drupe, the endocarp is hard and woody Berry, the endocarp neither hard nor lignified

10. Dry (with a dry or leathery pericarp) Dehiscent: split open when ripe to release the seeds Indehiscent: don’t split open when ripe (one seeded) Schizocarpic: - bi- or multilocular fruit, - split up into one seed indehiscent parts (mericarps)

11. Dehiscent Fruits 1-Follicle: the splitting along one side only e.g. star anise, strophanthus 2- Siliqua: the splitting by 2 valves to apex e.g mustard seed

12. 3- Legume The splitting along the two sides

13. 4- Capsule: dehisces by various ways.

24. Aggregate Fruits Achenes: grouped on swollen or dry receptacle Follicles:

25. 3-Composite fruit

26. Fig

27. Long pepper

28. As the ovary matures, its wall develops to form the pericarp, which is divided into three layers. The outermost, the exocarp, is usually a single epidermal layer. The extent of the middle layer, the mesocarp, Histology of the fruit

29. The inner layer, the endocarp, varies widely, but in any single type of fruit one of the layers may be thick, the others thin. These layers are generally more conspicuous in fleshy fruits than in dry ones.

30. Terminology of the fruit Carpophore: Floral axis extension between adjacent carpels, as in the Apiacea. Epicarp or Exocar: Outermost layer of pericarp Mesocarp: Middle layer of pericarp.

31. Endocarp: Innermost differentiated layer of pericarp. Pericarp: Fruit wall. Placenta: Region of attachment of seeds on inner fruit wall.

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