BIOSENSORS FOR PRE-EMERGENCY AND POST-EMERGENCY MONITORING OF RADIOACTIVITY DISPERSAL DEVICES BioRDD

1. BIOSENSORS FOR PRE-EMERGENCY AND POST-EMERGENCY MONITORING OF RADIOACTIVITY DISPERSAL DEVICESBioRDD • Dr. Alba Zanini, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Torino, Italy, NPD • Prof. Jurgis Barkauskas, Vilnius University, Lithuania, PPD • Dr. Oleg Bondarenko, Chernobyl Radioecological Centre, Ukraine, PCoD • Dr. Karel Kudela, Institute of Experimental Physics, Kosice, Slovak Republic, PCoD • Prof. Jordan Stamenov, Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Sophia, Bulgaria, PCoD • Dr. Giovanni Basile, BIOSENSOR s.r.l., Palombara Sabina – Rome, Italy, NCoD BIORDD

2. BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION • Radioactivity Dispersal Devices (RDD) • Urge for the early detection • Facts about RDD • Blasting materials • Radioactive material • Consequences of RDD explosion

3. EXPERTISE AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF PARTNERS • INFN Torino Section (Dr. Alba Zanini):Expertise in complex space radiation and dosimetry. Previous experience with biosensors for application in space research.CONTRIBUTION: RADIATION PHYSICS AND MOLECULLAR BIOLOGY (CNR). • Vilnius University (Prof. Jurgis Barkauskas): Expertise insynthesis, investigation and application of nano-scale carbon structures. Experience with electrochemical enzyme-based biosensors. CONTRIBUTION: BIO-NANO-TECHNOLOGY. • SSSIE (Dr. Oleg Bondarenko): Expertise in radioecological and radiological monitoring of the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone. CONTRIBUTION: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND PROTECTION. • IEP (Dr. Karel Kudela)Expertise in radiobiological protection and mixed radiation physics. CONTRIBUTION: MIXED RADIATION FIELD and RADIATION SAFETY. • INRNE (Prof. Jordan Stamenov)Expertise in radiation dosimetry, nuclear electronics and design of nucleari nstruments,radioecology CONTRIBUTION:DOSIMETRY, BIOLOGICAL RADIATION SAFETY,GENOMICS, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY • BIOSENSOR (Dr. Giovanni Basile)Expertise in manufacturing of biosensors and robots.CONTRIBUTION: INDUSTRIAL PARTNER.

4. PROBLEMS TO BE ADDRESSED BY THE PROJECT The economic and social importance • Cost of RDD false alarms : • closing of a big airport million of dollars • closing of a freight terminal of the port of New York 500.000 $/hour • panic reaction unvaluable • Cost of RDD terrorist attack : • Decontamination • Medical assistance • Psycological assistance Cost for mitigating the consequence of Chernobyl accident : 10 G$ (Large scale RDD)

5. EXISTING TECHNIQUES Radiation detectors based on physical effects are sensitive to: • specific radiation • specific energy range • specific intensity Radiation detectors based on biosensor and mutant technique are sensitive to: • every kind of radiation • wide energy range • different intensity

6. Radiation Product Mechanism of detection Gamma Berthold Gamma-Analyzer LB 125 Solid scintillation detection: NaI with PMT Mobile microspec equipped with gamma probes (BTI) NaI solid scintillation NaI with Be window Beta Mobile microspec equipped with beta probe (BTI) Phoswich scintillator (100 keV to 3 MeV) Neutrons Berthold LB 123P Plutonium Monitor Gas proportional counters Berthold LB 6414 Neutron Survey Meter Gas proportional counters Mobile microspec equipped with neutron probe (BTI) Liquid scintillator and He3 counter Mixed (gamma, neutron) Thermo PM 1401 GN CsI scintillator (gamma) He3 proportional counter (neutron) Ortec detective High Purity Germanium (HPGe) Detector (gamma) and He3 proportional counter (neutron) EXISTING TECHNIQUES

7. The main objective : the realization of a new biological device based on photosynthetic organisms to be used as biosensor for the early detection of different kind of ionizing radiations (beta, gamma rays, neutrons, fission fragments etc.), as required in case of RDD terrorist attack. GOAL OF BioRDD PROJECT BIORDD The final goal : the realization of a commercial prototype of a small size, suitable in public places, airports, underground, to equip police and rescue vehicles. The High Technology issue: the immobilation of proteins on carbon nanostructures

8. CURRENT STATUS OF THE TECHNOLOGY • Radiation Biosensor: • biomediator (enzymathic photosystem II, PSII); • electronic or optical transducer to convert the biochemical modification in electronic signal • electronic system to process the electric signal. • Radiation Effect: • damages to electron transport chain during the first part of photosynthesis • reduction of photosynthetic efficiency • Sample Conditions: • No DNA(EXTRACTED PHOTOSYSTEM II ) NO repair mechanisms • Immobilization(FROZEN or IMMOBILIZED ON NANOCARBON STRUCTURE) • Only direct effects

9. PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTS Sample is frozen and exposed to: HIGH LET radiation neutrons (Emean =3 MeV), Am-Be Source, JRC, Ispra LOW LET radiation g radiation Eg1 = 1173.2 keV, Eg2 = 1332.5 keV 60Co Source, San Giovanni Hospital, Turin

10. CARBON NANOTUBES • Synthesis • Varieties • Properties

11. BIO-APPLICATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES

12. PROJECT STRUCTURE AND WORKPACKAGES 2° final output: IMMOBILIZATION OF PSII ON NANOTUBE SURFACE WP1: Management Alba Zanini P1 Transversal WP WP2: Biology and Nano-technology J. Barkauskas P2 (P2,P5) WP4: Characterization of the biosensor response toradiation J. Stamenov P5 (P1,P3,P4) WP5: Characterization of the biosensor in mixed field O. Bondarenko P3 (P1,P4,P5) WP3: Development of biosensor technology R. Kaukanakov P5 (P2,P6) Transversal WP WP7: Training, dissemination and exploitation: K. Kudela P4 WP6: Production of a prototype G. Basile P6 (P2,P5) 1° final output: PROTOTYPE WITH FROZEN SAMPLE

13. PROJECT SCHEDULE 1st YEAR 2nd YEAR 3rd YEAR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 WP-1 MANAGEMENT WP-2 BIOLOGY AND NANOTECHNOLOGY WP-3 BIOSENSOR TECHNOLOGY WP-4 RESPONSE TO RADIATION WP-5 INTERCOMPARISON WP-6 PRODUCTION OF PROTOTYPE WP-7 TRAINING ANDDISSEMINATION

14. MILESTONES 1st YEAR 2nd YEAR 3rd YEAR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Assembled prototype Sensitivity to radiation Suitable biomediator • Characterization in mixed field • Mutant selection • Final response curves • Prototype characteristics Immobilization in carbon nanostructures Efficency in RDD detection

15. CRITERIA FOR SUCCESS • If the biodevice is able to recognize presence of a large range of radiation 20 % • If the biodevice is able to recognize presence of low levels of radiation 20 % • If the biodevice can recognize the presence of explosives 10 % • If the biodevice can recognize the presence of explosives, products of explosion at the same time of the presence of radiation 10 % • If the device pass the tests in situ, real situation 15 % • If the scientific police will use the prototype for validation in situ after two year from the end of the project 15 % • If the developed technology can be extended to agro-environmental analyses within the end of the project 10 % • TOTAL 100 %

16. END-USERS 13 End-Users: 2 Hospitals; 2 Protection/Defence State Ministries; 5 Health and Environmental State Agencies; 3Industries; 1 Research Institute APPLICATION • ITALY • Ministry of dell’Interno, Italian Criminal Laboratory Department – RDD/nuclear material detection • San Giovanni Hospital, Torino – Dosimetry in Radiotherapy • LITHUANIA • Lithuanian State Nuclear Power Safety Inspectorate (VATESI) – Power Plant Dosimetry • Lithuanian Radiation Protection Centre (RSC) – Nuclear waste control • UAB "Tikslioji Sinteze” – Commercial exploitation • Ministry of National Defence of Republic of Lithuania – Antiterrorism • Institute of Physics – Radioactive pollution monitoring • Science and Technology Park - – Commercial exploitation • UKRAINE • ERE “AKP” ( “Atom Kompex Prylad”) – Commercial exploitation • State Department Administration of the Chornobyl exclusion zone – Contaminant monitoring • SLOVAK REPUBLIC • Military Air Force Hospital– Monitoring/radioprotection in field • BULGARIA • State Agency for Metrology and Technical Surveillance – Contaminant monitoring • Civil Protection State Agency – RDD/nuclear material detection

17. PROJECT MANAGEMENT • Project coordinator ( Dr. A. Zanini) will have to monitor the global activity of the consortium, maintain the relationships with the NATO funding organization and the partners, including the end users. • PND director (Prof. J. Barkauskas) will support the project coordinator in management activities, whit a special attention in managing of non-NATO partners. • Scientific and technical coordinator (STC- Prof. J. Stamenov) will take charge of the permanent monitoring of the quality of the work and to provide strategic guidelines for the scientific work. • Scenario Analysis Coordinator (SAC –Dr. Boyko Vachev) Scenario Analysis will be considered for strategic application and exploitation of the final product • The steering committee (SC) will support the project director in discussing technical, administrative, financial, legal or managerial problems; The SC is composed by the STC , the PPD and SA expert and chaired by the NPD • Work-package leaders will be responsible for the work accomplished inside their WPs.

18. MANAGEMENT & STEERING COMMITEE A.Zanini INFN (Italy) NPD Steering committee J.Stamenov INRNE (Bulgaria) (Scientific and technical coordinator) J.Barkauskas (Lithuania) PPD B.Vachev (Bulgaria) Scenario analysis WP2 J. Barkauskas WP3 R. Kakanakov WP4 J. Stamenov WP5 O. Bondarenko WP6 G. Basile WP1 – Project management A. Zanini WP7 – Training and dissemination K. Kudela

19. SfP BUDGET DISTRIBUTION per item • Equipment 83,000 € • Travel 47,900 € • Training 64,900 € • Consumables 91,700 € • Other 12,500 € per country • Italy, INFN 20,000 € • Italy, BIOSENSOR 30,000 € • Lithuania 70,000 € • Ukraine 65,000 € • Slovak Republic 50,000 € • Bulgaria 65,000 € per year • 1st year 141,650 € • 2nd year 92,450 € • 3rd year 65,900 €

20. STRENGTHS AND OPEN ISSUES • A new device based on biosensor and mutant technology to detect every kind of radiation ( intensity and energy) • Protein immobilizationin carbonnanostructures (micro-detector) Various applications in antiterrorism: • Radiation • Airborne warfare agents • Chemical pollutants • Explosive traces Possibility to realize an Array of different biosensors for many applications

21. CONTRIBUTION OF NATO FUNDS • Biosensor research • Bio - Technology, • Radiobiology • Nanothecnology, • High Technology industrial devices • Improvment in: • Extension in other fields: • Detection of Airborne Chemical Warfare Agents (tabun, sarin, mustard, dimethyil sulfide) • Control of nuclear material traffic • Space Application –Space Dosimetry • Health Application- Dosimetry in Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine • Food Quality Control • Ecology and Environmental protection

22. TOTAL IMPACT ON STABILITY, SECURITY AND PEACE Biosensors application in pre-emergency • Improvment in antiterrorism measure • Reduction in false alarms Increased security Biosensors application in post-emergency Evaluation of: Interdisciplinary project Social and economical development in partner countries contamination zone water contamination soil contamination food contamination Mitigation of the social, medical, psychological consequence