Contents

1. PRT for a Suburban Shopping Centre The Kungens Kurva Test Site in Huddinge, SwedenEDICT-Cardiff Conference, 25-26 October 2004, by Göran Tegnér, Transek AB; and Ingmar Andréasson, LogistikCentrum PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

2. Contents • Kungens Kurva Shopping centre • Public Transport is not attractive enough… • … and cars are congested – PRT is the answer • The Swedish EDICT- test site • PRT at Kungens Kurva-shopping centre • Assessment results: benefits, costs and user acceptance • In Conclusion PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

3. Kungens Kurva Shopping Centre • Scandinavia’s largest Commercial Centre • 4,500 employed • 42,000 daily visitors today • 63,500 projected visitors in 2015 • 23,000 cars per peak day • 3,000 cars at peak hour Kungens Kurva PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

4. Bus and LRT is not attractive • Industry • from Mass production to Lean production • Public Transport • From ”Mass transit” to ”Lean Transit” • Maximum door-to-door-speed => • Bus 13 km/hour => Bicycle speed => • LRT 17 km/hour => Bicycle speed => • Corridor transport modes (Bus, LRT)=> • Long Walk-, Wait-, Transfer and In-vehicle Times PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

5. Micro-simulated Peak hour Speed for Car & Bus to Kungens Kurva PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

6. Time for a Better System:PRTis anInnovativeTransportSystem • Driverless vehicles waiting for you • No waiting, direct to destination • Travel in privacy and station on side-tracks • Investment 30 % of light rail • Service level of taxi • Operation cheaper than bus PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

7. Evaluation andDemonstration of Innovative City Transport – EU-programme ”Cities of Tomorrow” • Swedish Test Site at Kungens Kurva, Huddinge, SW of Stockholm • PRT network – 4 phases • Local Travel Survey • Travel Demand Modelling • User Acceptance Study • Benefit-Cost Analysis • 4 PRT Systems assessed & Dissemination PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

8. EDICTSwedish partners… • Swedish co-funding: VINNOVA • Huddinge Municipality • Transek AB • LogistikCentrum • Sigtuna Municipality is a ”Follower City” PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

9. A PRT net for Kungens Kurva-Skärholmen • Phase 0: 1 loop: 3 km;5 stations; 8 vehicles; • Phase 1: 2 loops: 5,5 km; 11 stations: 45 vehicles • Phase 2: 3 loops: 8,3 km; 15 stations; 85 vehicles PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

10. A Strong Users’ Accetance-1 • 3 Focus groups – 28 persons, October 2003 • Difficult to travel to and inside Kungens Kurva • With PRT: more visitors and more shopping. 80 % of Public transport and 50 % of car users • A great curiosity about PRT among everybody, except from whose with bulky luggage • A positive willingness to pay for PRT among public transport users: 39 % of public transport users: 0.5-1.5 € per PRT trip • In Cardiff Willingness-to-pay is 80 % higher for ULTra PRT (£1.80) compared to Cardiff Bus trips (£1) PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

11. Ingmar Andréasson’s presentation in here PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

12. Strong User’s Acceptance-2 “PRT must always work properly and be fresh-looking, to have a future. If it fails and gets into trouble, it gets a bad reputation and nobody will use it“ • ”It will be funny to go by PRT ’up-stairs’”. ”The vehicles really look great and smart, just like science fiction. The kids would love it, I believe” • ” Visual intrusion is no problem – PRT it is rather a positive adventure” • “Security is no problem,Fine with cameras and possi­bilities to chose companions for the ride” PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

13. PRT at Kungens Kurva • Enhanced Attractiveness • 4 times more transit trips than today (PRT full net) • 26 % shorter travel time from Stockholm City • Market share up from 5 to 20 % • Reduced Car Traffic by 9 % => • Valuable land (today used for car-parking )will be relieved for commercial use PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

14. PRT attracts both Car and Public Transport Trips and creates New Mobility PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

15. PRT – a Sustainable Transport Mode • Increased Traffic Safety with PRT => • 3 fewer accidents annually, 2 fewer personal injuries (-8 %). Net surplus: 0.7 M €/year • Reduced car ownership by 13 % • Energy conservation by 9 % • Reduced CO2-emissions by 8 % • -1 615 ton/year. Net surplus 0.2 M€/year PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

16. Benefitsto the Shopping centre • PRT enhances the Status & Attractiveness of the area • PRT => 17 % more visitors • PRT as a Tourist attraction is not included • Increased commercial revenues and profitability • 2 Parking-houses  transfer betw. car & PRT • Frees parking-lots to more valuable commercial activities • PRT-stations can be integrated within shopping malls => Enhanced turnover on the second floor PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

17. Costs of an ULTra PRT at Kungens Kurva PRT Oper. Cost/trip=> 1/2 of a LRT- system PRT capital cost => 1/3 of a LRT-system PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

18. PRT – Benefit-Cost Analysis PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

19. In Conclusion • Traditional Public Transport is not attractive and Car Traffic get jammed in congestion • PRT allows individual trips on a common guideway with non-stop service direct to the destination; all passengers being seated; available 24 hours a day even for disabled persons by wheelchair. • PRT brings environmental-friendly, energy saving & safety trips on demand; with privacy at a lower cost and with a higher comfort than other urban modes. PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

20. Many Dissemination Activities… … creates a growing understanding of the beauty of PRT … .. but still no political decisions so far… ... ”Good ideas can never be killed - only postponed!” PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

21. Background pictures PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

22. Generalized (weighted) travel time from Stockholm City to Kungens Kurva without and with PRT in 2002 Weighted travel time in minutes 70 Total travel time reduced 60 from 65 to 48 minutes; -26% 15 50 9 Wait time 40 22 Walk time 13 30 In-vehicle time 20 28 26 10 0 Without PRT with PRT 26% lower Generalized Time by PRT PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

23. 3-4 Times Higher Mode Share with PRT PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

24. Sources of Benefits with PRT PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

25. Supply and costs for various PRT-phases PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

26. PRT costs one-third of a LRT-system PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

27. Low PRT operating cost saves scarce resources PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

28. Network efficiency-1 PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

29. Network efficiency-2 PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

30. Network efficiency-3 PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system

31. Trip Pattern 2015 Yellow = PRT tripsr Red = reduced bus trips Green = increased Publ. Trp. trips PRT - A cost-effective, sustainable and innovative transport system