Windows Server 2003 系統效能監視

1. Windows Server 2003系統效能監視 林寶森 jeffl@ms11.hinet.net

2. Why Monitor Performance? • Analyze performance data to uncover bottlenecks • By monitoring performance, you obtain data that you can use to: • Understand your workload and the corresponding effect on your system's resources • Observe changes and trends in workloads and resource usage so you can plan for future upgrades • Test configuration changes or other tuning efforts by monitoring the results • Diagnose system problems and identify components or processes for optimization

3. Restrict Work Flow n Over Consumption of a Specific Resource n One Resolved Bottleneck May Cause Another n Memory Memory Processor Processor System Bottlenecks

4. Processor Memory Disk Network SQL Exchange SQL Server Domain Controller Domain Controller File and Print Server Application Server File and Print Server Application Server What Is Server Analysis and Optimization?

5. What Is Task Manager? • Displays information about: • Programs and processes running on your computer • Status of running programs • Your computer’s performance – a dynamic overview • Network status • Number of users connected to the computer, what they are working on, and allows administrators to send a message

6. What Is the Performance Console? • The Performance console contains System Monitor and Performance Logs and Alerts • With System Monitor: • You can collect and view real-time data of a local computer or several remote computers • You can create graphs, histograms, and reports of the performance counter data • Performance Logs and Alerts: • Provides logging and alert capabilities • Defines settings for counter logs, trace logs, and alerts

7. What Is Real-Time and Logged Monitoring? Real-Time Monitoring • Involves processing and updating data counters as soon as data is received from the operating system • Establishes the current state of the four subsystems: memory, processor, disk, and network • Tool used is System Monitor Logged Monitoring • Involves collecting and storing data over time for analysis later • Detects bottlenecks and determines whether the system changes • Use Performance Logs and Alerts

8. Performance Console Window Help Action View Favorites Tree Favorites Console Root 100 System Monitor 90 Performance Logs and Alerts 80 Counter Logs 70 Trace Logs Alerts 60 Add Counters… Save As… 50 40 Properties… Add Counters 30 20 Use local computer Add 10 Select counters from computer Close 0 \\PHOENIX Last 0.000 Average Explain 1,942 Minimum Performance object: Maximum 24,000 Duration Processor Color Scale Counter All counters All instances Instance Parent Ob 1,000 % Processor Time Select counters from list Select instances from list: _Total - - - Pro 1,000 % User Time _Total - - - Pro _ Total % DPC Time % Interrupt Time 0 % Privileged Time % Processor Time % User Time APC Bypasses/sec DPS Bypasses/sec System Monitor Add counters to view data in the graph area

9. Objects, Instances, and Counters • Objects Are Major Components or Subsystems of the Computer System • Instances Are Multiples of the Same Object • Counters: • Are Measurements of different aspects of objects • Continually gather data on objects • Provide data on all instances of an object • Can be selected to displayed in System Monitor

10. 100 Chart 80 60 40 Report 20 \\PHOENIX 0 LogicalDisk _Total Last 0.000 Average 1.993 Minimum % Disk Read Time 0.000 Maximum 15.000 Duration % Disk Write Time 0.000 Memory Available Bytes 38830080.000 100 Processor _Total 80 % Processor Time 16.162 60 40 20 Histogram 0 Last 16.162 Average Minimum 4.851 0.000 Maximum Duration 31.000 1:40 Viewing Counter Data

11. Identify and Resolve Memory Bottlenecks

12. Free Page 1 Process 2, Page 3 Process 1, Page 2 System, Page 1 Process 1, Page 1 Free Page 2 System, Page 3 Process 2, Page 1 Process 2, Page 2 Process 1, Page 3 Free Page 3 System, Page 2 Virtual Memory Management Virtual Memory Virtual to Physical Mapping Physical Memory FFFFFFFFh System Addressable Memory (2 GB) Page Directory for Process 1 Process 1 Application Addressable Memory Process 2 Application Addressable Memory Page Directory for Process 2 00000000h

13. Pagefile.sys The Windows Memory Model Physical Memory App 1 Virtual Memory Manager App 1 1 2 GB Program Address Space 2 App 1 App 2 App 1 Pages App 2 App 2 3 2 GB Program Address Space System Demand Paging 4 Virtual Memory

14. Identify and Resolve Processor Bottlenecks

15. Identify and Resolve Disk Bottlenecks

16. Identify and Resolve Network Bottlenecks

17. What Is a Counter Log? • Each performance object provides performance counters that represent data about specific aspects of a sytem or server • Counter logs define what data is stored in the log file

18. Counter Log File Formats

19. What Is an Alert? • Feature that detects when a predefined counter value rises above or falls below a specified setting • Specified setting on the counter is called alert threshold • Set an alert on a counter when: • Make an entry in application event log • Start a predefined counter log • Send a Message • Run a Program • Set alerts based on established performance baseline values • Use alerts to be notified when a counter threshold value exceeds or falls below a specified value

20. Add Counters Use local computer Add Select counters from computer Close \\PHOENIX Explain Performance object: Alert when the value is: Under Limit: Processor All counters All instances Add… Remove Select counters from list Select instances from list: Sample data every: Processor Text seconds 5 Interval: Units: General Action Schedule When an alert is triggered: Log an entry in the application event log Send a network message to: Start performance data log: Run this program: Browse… Using Alerts 1. Add counters 2. Set thresholds 3. Specify actions

21. Why Monitor Servers Remotely? • To prevent Task Manager and Performance from adding to the load on the server, which can misrepresent the collected data • Also, administrators are often responsible for hundreds of servers, which makes it impractical to monitor each server individually