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LIFEINTHEDEEP:THEOCEANDEPTHSthe mesopelagic

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LIFEINTHEDEEP:THEOCEANDEPTHSthe mesopelagic

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    Slide 1:LIFE IN THE DEEP: THE OCEAN DEPTHS (the mesopelagic, bathypelagic and abyssopelagic zones)

    Slide 2:Part 1 “reminder:” WHERE ARE WE? Mesopelagic Bathypelagic Abyssopelagic

    Slide 3:Figure 10.12

    Marine zones

    Slide 4:MESOPELAGIC: 1. Below the epipelagic zone 2. No primary photosynthesis, but there is still productivity (i.e. still in the photic zone but it is disphotic) 3. 200-1000 m depth BATHYPELAGIC, ABYSSOPELAGIC 1. The “deep sea,” aphotic, twilight zone 2. After 1000 m in depth (to ocean floor)

    Slide 5:Figure 16.01

    Slide 6:Part 2 “reminder:” WHAT IS THE “WATER CHEMISTRY” IN THIS LAYER?

    Slide 7:Figure 16.02

    Deep water originates near the surface

    Slide 8:Figure 16.03

    Deep water oxygen is circulated and replenished w/ open ocean circulation from the surface

    Slide 9:Figure 16.20

    Where does the oxygen come from?

    Slide 10:Part 3 (new) (a) WHO LIVES THERE? (b) WHAT SPECIAL ADAPTATIONS DO THEY HAVE (and why)?

    Slide 11:Figure 16.11

    Mesopelagic (lantern vs. dragonfish)

    Slide 12:Figure 16.08

    Mesopelagic fish

    Slide 13:Mesopelagic, Bathypelagic and Abyssopelagic zone species have many unique characteristics to adapt to their “extreme environment.” (1) Fish start to show different characteristics… (a) Based on light availability: --higher eyes; 2 fields of vision --photophores; bioluminescence, countershading (b) “other” adaptations: -- musculature changes -- jaw adaptations

    Slide 14:Figure 10.12

    Where are we? Light????

    Slide 15:Figure 16.13

    (mesopelagic) Bristlemouth w/ tubular eyes

    Slide 16:Figure 16.14a

    Slide 17:Figure 16.15

    Slide 18:Figure 16.17a

    w/o photophores

    Slide 19:Figure 16.17c

    Slide 20:Figure 16.17b

    w/o photophores

    Slide 21:Figure 16.17d

    Slide 22:…DEEP SEA FISH… Everything has a BIG MOUTH Everything is LONG and “SKINNY” Everything is BIGGER

    Slide 23:Figure 16.12a

    viperfish

    Slide 24:Figure 16.12b

    Rattrap fish

    Slide 25:Figure 16.21

    Slide 26:Figure 16.23

    Slide 27:Swallower eel

    Stomias deep-sea bioluminescent fish. Credit: © HBOI/Visuals Unlimited 199971 Angler Fish (Melanocetus johnsonii) uses lights to attract prey, an example of bioluminescence. Credit: © HBOI/Visuals Unlimited 204939 The Fangtooth (Anoplogaster cornuta) is a bioluminescent fish found in the deep sea. Credit: © HBOI/Visuals Unlimited 390006

    Slide 31:Figure 16.27

    Some still live on the bottom…

    Slide 32:Figure 16.29

    Slide 33:Not everything is a “fish,” but adaptations are still very similar!

    Deep Sea Amphipod (1’!)

    Slide 35:Figure 16.04

    Mesopelagic shrimp

    Slide 36:Figure 16.16

    Slide 37:Figure 16.06

    Mesopelagic squid

    Slide 38:Figure 16.07

    Vampyroteuthis infernalis

    Fig. 18-14, p.418

    Slide 39:Figure 18-14 Vampire Squid. This deepwater animal is not really a squid but an intermediate between squids and octopods. It received its name because of the webbing between the arms. Figure 18-14 Vampire Squid. This deepwater animal is not really a squid but an intermediate between squids and octopods. It received its name because of the webbing between the arms.

    Slide 40:The “Deep” even contains an entirely new (and very different) Marine Community – Hydrothermal vents!

    Slide 41:Figure 2.24

    “Black Smoker” Hydro- thermal Vent (at a Mid Ocean Ridge)

    Slide 42:Figure 16.30

    Slide 43:Figure 16.31

    Fig. 18-16, p.419

    Slide 44:Figure 18-16 Deposit Feeder. Because of the nature of the food source in deepwater benthic communities, the most numerous animals are deposit feeders, such these brittle stars. Figure 18-16 Deposit Feeder. Because of the nature of the food source in deepwater benthic communities, the most numerous animals are deposit feeders, such these brittle stars.

    Slide 45:Final Thought: ??? Connection to our “earliest life forms?”

    Slide 46:Text Art 16.05

    Paleodictyon (500 million yr. old fossil)

    Slide 47:Text Art 16.06

    Paleodictyon, 1976

    Slide 48:For more information on Paleodictyon, hydrothermal vent communities and deep sea research try the following web page link: http://www.naturalhistorymag.com/0904/0904_feature.html Covering: Dr. Peter Rona (Rutgers) and his Alvin research team Film: “Volcanoes of the Deep” (IMAX)

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