Chapter One

1. Chapter One Challenges and Choices in Public Speaking

2. Chapter One • Why Public Speaking? • Benefits of Public Speaking • Public Speaking and the Communication Process • Public Speech and Pluralistic Voices • Challenges and Choices of Public Speaking*

3. Why Public Speaking? • An Enduring Legacy • Reasons for Public Speech • Public Speaking as a Form of Communication*

4. Why Public Speaking:An Enduring Legacy • 476 B.C.- Corax, Sicilian teacher offered lessons in rhetoric. • 427-347 B.C.- Plato, Greek philosopher, viewed rhetoric as a means of seeking truth. • 384-322 B.C.- Aristotle, philosopher and student of Plato, viewed rhetoric as the art of persuasion. Wrote the textbook, Rhetoric.*

5. Why Public Speaking:An Enduring Legacy • 18th-19th Centuries- colonists delivered speeches in the quest for independence. • 21st Century • public speaking remains an indispensable vehicle for expressing ideas.*

6. Why Public Speaking:Reasons for Public Speech • 3 Main Functions: • to inform • to persuade • to celebrate or commemorate special occasions*

7. Why Public Speaking:Public Speaking as a Form of Communication • Dyadic Communication • communication between two people, as in conversation. • Small Group Communication • a small number of people who can see and speak directly with each other, as in a business meeting. • Mass Communication • communication between a speaker and a large audience of unknown people, as in television. • Public Speaking • a speaker delivers a message with a specific purpose to an audience of people who are present at the delivery of a speech.*

8. Similarities between Public Speaking and Other Forms of Communication sensitivity to the listeners Differences between Public Speaking and Other Forms of Communication listener feedback level of preparation degree of formality* Why Public Speaking:Public Speaking as a Form of Communication

9. Benefits of Public Speaking • Becoming a more knowledgeable person • Honing critical thinking and listening skills • Enhancing your career as a student • Accomplishing professional and personal goals • Exploring and sharing values*

10. Benefits of Public Speaking:Becoming a More Knowledgeable Person • A good speech is a blend of form and content • Basic speech form • introduction • body • conclusion • content • topic of the speech*

11. Benefits of Public Speaking:Honing Critical Thinking and Listening Skills • Public Speaking training sharpens your ability to reason or think critically • learning to make claims and then presenting evidence and reasoning that logically support them*

12. Benefits of Public Speaking:Enhancing Your Career as a Student • Preparing speeches involves numerous skills that you can use in other courses • research • organization • creative thinking*

13. Benefits of Public Speaking:Accomplishing Professional and Personal Goals • Professional Goals • people at work use public speaking to convey information, to persuade and motivate others, and even to celebrate their special skills. • skill in public speaking tops the list of sought after skills by many organizations. • Personal Goals • public speaking offers a way to communicate your personal concerns to others.*

14. What Skills Employers Want in College Graduates: • Oral Communication • Interpersonal • Analytical • Teamwork • Flexibility • Computer • Proficiency in Field of Study • Written Communication • Leadership • Work Experience*

15. Benefits of Public Speaking:Exploring and Sharing Values • Public speaking enables you to express values and explore those of others in a civil dialog, regardless of whether or not the audience shares your viewpoint.*

16. Public Speaking and the Communication Process • Communication is an interactive process in which people exchange and interpret messages with one another. • Elements of Communication • Special Speaker Considerations*

17. Public Speaking and the Communication Process:Elements of Communication • Source - person who creates a message • encoding - physical process of delivering a message Message - content of the communication process; thoughts and ideas • Receiver - recipient of the source’s message • decoding - the process of interpreting the speaker’s message • Channel - the medium through which the speaker sends a message • noise - the interference that serves as a barrier to communication*

18. Public Speaking and the Communication Process:Elements of Communication • Shared Meaning • mutual understanding of a message between speaker and audience*

19. Public Speaking and the Communication Process:Special Speaker Considerations • Other Factors: • Self-concept - strengths and limitations • Audience - taking audience perspective • Context - influences on the speaker • Speech Goals - clear focus • Outcome - accomplishing what you set out to do*

20. Public Speech and Pluralistic Voices • Public Speaking offers an opportunity to recognize and appreciate diversity in all its forms. • Pluralistic character is reflected in people of various ethnic groups, age groups, persons of different sexual orientations, persons with disabilities, and in religious diversity*

21. Public Speech and Pluralistic Voices • Ethnocentrism • the belief that the ways of one’s own culture are superior to those of other cultures*

22. Challenges and Choices of Public Speaking • Challenges - simulating tasks or problems • Choices - options or alternatives for solving tasks or problems • Challenges and Choices of Speech in Democracy • Making a Difference*

23. Challenges and Choices of Public Speaking:Speech in a Democracy • As members of a democratic society, we have the right to speak freely • We have the equally important responsibility to speak responsibly*

24. Challenges and Choices of Public Speaking:Making a Difference • Ordinary citizens can and do accomplish a great deal through the power of public speaking*