¡ Bienvenidos a Chile! Language and Culture 2009 Memphis in May International Teachers’ Conference

1. ¡Bienvenidos a Chile!Language and Culture2009 Memphis in May International Teachers’ Conference Presented by Melissa Spain

2. Chile • Located in South America • Situated between Pacific Ocean on the west and Andes Mountains on the right • Intensive European flavor – settled by Italians, Germans, English, Spanish

3. Cultura Culture is defined as the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group ; the characteristic features of everyday existence shared by people in a place or time. culture. (2009). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary Retrieved February 7, 2009, from http://www.merriam- webster.com/dictionary/culture

4. Saludos/Greetings • Chilean friends greet one another with a large hug for males and a kiss on the cheek for women. • In business situations, or when meeting for the first time, Chileans greet with a handshake.

5. Signaling with the lips Instead of pointing with the finger, which is considered rude or poorly educated, Chileans use their lips as a signal. The lips are used to point in the direction of interest. The pointing of the lips can indicate one specific direction, or the moving of the lips can indicate a larger area.

6. Educación • Education is EXTREMELY important in Chile. 12 years of schooling is needed for even the lowest paying jobs. • Teaching is a highly respected profession in Chile. • Since 2008, the government pays for Pre-K for all students.

7. Three types of school systems • Municipal: money acquired by state and given to the town council which controls the schools, free for all students, accepts all children K-12 • Subsidized: government and parents pay an equal amount • Private or Particular: parents pay total tuition. Teachers earn more since parents pay more.

8. La comida-Yum! • Desayuno/Breakfast: Chileans do not eat a large breakfast. It usually consists of coffee or tea and bread with marmalade or manjar, un carmelo delicioso. Bread is purchased daily from a local bakery or vendor. • Almuerzo/Lunch:Largest meal of the day. Meals consist of traditional Chilean dishes such as la cazuela (a stew), pastel de choclo, (fresh ground corn and basil casserole with chicken or beef) or a dish with many vegetables due to their abundance and low cost. *In rural areas, businesses close at lunch traditionally for the siesta.

9. Once: the afternoon meal is called “tomar once”- to take eleven. Served between 4pm and 7pm. Usually bread and tea or coffee similar to breakfast. History of the Once : many years ago, men met at this time to enjoy an alcoholic beverage called Aguardiente. In order to conceal the true menu of the get together, a code name was formed. The number of letters in the word Aguardiente is eleven (once). Thus, tea hour has become known as once. • Cena/Dinner: is the same as lunch but late at night. If most people in the home work during the day, then once becomes the largest meal. Usually only children and elderly eat dinner.

10. Susana’s favorite Chilean meals -Empanadas de Pino A pastry made of flour, water, butter, and salt, full of beef, cut in cubes with onions, olive raisins, and hard boiled egg that is cooked in the oven. -Bistec a lo Pobre Steak with fried potatoes, fried onions, and fried eggs -Porotos Granados Spicy dish made of poroto beans, corn, and pumpkin -Pan Amasado Homemade bread

11. Postres/Desserts -Berlin A round bun filled with manjar or mermalade and covered with pulverized sugar -Mote con Huesillo Dehydrated peaches with boiled wheat or boiled corn often in water or peach juice -Alfajor Manjar between two round and flat cookies covered in chocolate.

12. Bistec a lo pobre

13. Mote con huesillo

14. Cazuela (beef/ chicken soup)

15. Empanada

16. Popular for wines and pisco (Chilean alcoholic beverage) The valley just north of Santiago is known for its vineyards. http://www.santiagotimes.cl/santiagotimes

17. Festival de Viña del Mar • Most important musical event in all of Latin America • Includes an international and folk singing competition Shakira won the international award as a teenager competing in 1992 • Encompasses diverse genres such as rock, pop, reggaetón, salsa, merengue • February 23-28, 2009 • 35 countries represented in 2008 including China, Italy, Estonia • www.festival2009.canal13.cl/2009/html/Eng/index.html

18. This year’s lineup includes: Juanes Carlos Santana Daddy Yankee Marc Anthony Luis Fonsi Simply Red KC and the Sunshine Band And many others Previous participating artists you may recognize include INXS, Duran Duran. Ricky Martin, Nelly Furtado, Earth Wind and Fire, Mr. Mister, Eddie Money, Sheena Easton, Air Supply, Journey http://joeskitchen.com/chile/blogcito/wp-content/uploads/2008/02/festival-stage.jpg

19. La capital • The government is centered in Santiago, which is a very modern city. • Chileans outside of Santiago claim that “Santiago no es Chile” because it is so different from the rest of the country. • Excellent mass transit system- much more advanced than Memphis!

20. Santiago http://www.travelblog.org/Photos/1092407.html

21. www.Tableconversation.com/chile/

22. Religión • Most Chileans are Roman Catholics. The religion has played a large role in defining social and political life. • Religious instruction in public schools is almost exclusively Roman Catholic. • Abortion is actually illegal due to the influence of the Church. • Divorce was illegal until 2004. • Most national holidays are religious in nature.  Chileans of more mature generations still celebrate their saint's day as much as they do their own birthday. http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/chile.html

23. Federal HolidaysSome originate from the Catholic church and others from the history of the country • 1 de enero: Año Nuevo • marzo o abril: La Semana Santa y el Domingo de Pascua Christians celebrate Holy Week and Easter Sunday • 1 de mayo: Día del Trabajo Celebrate work • 21 de mayo: Día de las Glorias Navales o Combate Naval de Iquique In memory of the naval combat of Iquique • junio: Corpus Christi Fiesta de la Iglesia Católica • 29 de junio: San Pedro y San Pablo Catholic holiday to honor these saints

24. 15 de agosto: Asunción de la Virgen Catholics celebrate the assumption of the Virgin Maria • 18 de septiembre: Día de Independencia Chile proclaimed its independence from Spain on Feb. 12 1818. However, Chileans celebrate the independance on Sept. 18 each year. It is the anniversary of the first joining of the national government. • 19 de septiembre: Día del Ejército Honors the army and remembers the victories • 12 de octubre: Día de la Raza o Descubrimiento de América Columbus Day • 1 de noviembre: Día de Todos los Santos All Saint’s Day • 8 de diciembre: Inmaculada Concepción Catholics remember the Virgen Maria • 25 de diciembre: Navidad o Pascua - Christmas

25. Traditional Games • See pg 27 in the Educational Curriculum Guide

26. Traditional Clothing • Iberimage.com • http://www.southamerica.cl/Chile/Huasos.htm

27. Sports • Fútbol http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Gallery/Soccer/2007/07/23/4361867-sun.html

28. Rodeo http://flickr.com/photos/chrismar/2291957839/in/photostream/

29. Tenis http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/7189324.stm http://www.smh.com.au/news/tennis/speedy-gonzalez-rips-rafa/2007/01/24/1169594367565.html

30. La cueca • Traditional dance that emerged as a symbol of rebellion against the Spanish crown • The steps represent the cock stalking the hen, the courting of a couple, or the cornering of a filly by a huaso (Chilean cowboy), which he is trying to lasso. Man and woman dance to the classic rhythm, twirling their kerchiefs in the air.

31. www.joeskitchen.com

32. Videos of la cueca • http://www.vimeo.com/1782505 • http://www.vimeo.com/2289404

33. Literatureknown as the país de poetas—country of poets • Gabriela Mistral-(1889-1957) an elementary and secondary school teacher until her poetry made her famous. In 1945, she was the first Latin American to win the Nobel prize in literature. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1945/mistral-bio.html • Pablo Neruda- (1904-1973) “In 1923 he sold all of his possessions to finance the publication of his first book, Crepusculario ("Twilight"). He published the volume under the pseudonym "Pablo Neruda" to avoid conflict with his family, who disapproved of his occupation.” He received the Nobel prize for literature in 1971. http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/279 • Isabel Allende (1942) – one of the first successful female novelists in Latin America. Now resides in California. “The House of the Spirits”, (novel) Spain 1982 “Eva Luna'”, (novel) Spain 1985 “Inés of My Soul”, (novel) Spain 2006 http://www.isabelallende.com/

34. SpanishOfficial Language of Chile (English, German, and indigenous languages also spoken) Other countries that speak Spanish Argentina El Salvador Nicaragua Bolivia Guatemala Panama Colombia Honduras Paraguay Costa Rica Mexico Peru Cuba Spain Puerto Rico Ecuador Venezuela Uruguay Dominican Republic

35. Dialects • English in Ireland, Australia, England, Jamaica vs American • Elevator vs lift - fries vs. chips • Bathroom vs loo - cookie vs. biscuit • theater vs. theatre - eraser vs. rubber • Apartment vs. flat - guy vs. bloke, chap - vacation vs. holiday • Regional- North vs. South Y’all vs you guys Coke, soda, pop

36. Chilean Spanish vs. other Spanish speaking countries • Just how Americans use the term "dude" to refer to someone, Spanish also has its own slang, or "modismo", but varies in every country. • For example, "dude" is "guey" in Mexico, "mae" in Costa Rica, "mano" in Guatemala, "tío" in Spain, "tipo" in Colombia, "chabón" in Argentina and "hueón" in Chile http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language

37. Although the grammar and basic syntax of Spanish stays in tact, there are variations to the language that define Chilean language. • Words that end in -ado are pronounced -ao The tendency with words that end with –ado is to condense the last syllable to create the sound –ao. This is a result of Chileans speaking very fast. For example • pasado = pasao Por ejemplo: el tiempo ya está pasao • lado = lao Por ejemplo: se encuentra al otro lao

38. Conjugación familiar: “vo” instead of “tú” The informal way to address a person in Spanish is “tú.” In this case, verbs are formed as following: hablar = tú hablas vivir = tú vives querer = tú quieres However, Chilieans use a modified version of the form “tu”. The from “vo” is created by conjugating the verb in vosotros and dropping the final “s”. The above mentioned examples are converted using “vo” hablar = hablái vivir = viví querer = querí

39. Frases se terminan con “po” • “Po” is a derivative of “pues” and is used as a connection between phrases in a conversation. “Po” is placed at the end of many phrases. Por ejemplo: ¿Cómo estás? Bien po. ¿Fuiste al mercado? Sí, po

40. Modisimos

41. Spanish Alphabet • written using the Latin alphabet with the addition of the ñ, ll, ch • Contains 29 letters a, b, c, ch, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, ll, m, n, ñ, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z. • Pronunciation can be entirely determined from spelling. A typical Spanish word is stressed on the syllable before the last if it ends with a vowel (not including y) or with a vowel followed by n or s; it is stressed on the last syllable otherwise. Exceptions to this rule are indicated by placing an accent on the stressed vowel.

42. Grammar • Accents are important! papa vs papá te (object pronoun) vs té • Interrogative and exclamatory clauses are introduced with inverted question ( ¿ ) and exclamation marks ( ¡ ). • Two gender system – inanimate objects have gender • 50 conjugated forms per verb

43. Syntax- SUBJECT, VERB, OBJECT • Adjectives come after the noun they modify • camisa azul blue shirt • perro blanco white dog • casa grande big house

44. Vocabulary Comparison • Spanish and Italian share a very similar phonological system. The lexical similarity with Italian is estimated at 82%. • The lexical similarity with Portuguese is greater, 89%, but the vagaries of Portuguese pronunciation make it less easily understood by Hispanophones than Italian is. • Mutual intelligibility between Spanish and French is 75 % or Romanian is 71%. Comprehension of Spanish by French and English speakers who have not studied the language is as low as 45% • The common features of the writing systems of the Romance languages allow for a greater amount of interlingual reading comprehension than oral communication would. • http://www.kipaddotta.com/culture/spanish-language.html

45. CognatesLook alike and sound alike Examples • nce= ncia intelligence , distance inteligencia, distancia • ist= ista artist, dentist artista, dentista • ism= ismo tourism, optimism tourismo , optimismo • al= al animal, capital animal, capital • or=or actor, error actor, error • ty= dad university, city universidad, ciudad

46. False Friendsappear to be cognates, but differ in meaning • embarazada- tiene vergüenza or se sienteavergonzado. • carpeta- folder, not carpet • éxito- salida • ganga- bargain not pandilla • largo –long not grande • once – una vez • ropa- not cuerda • sopa-soup not jabón

47. ¡Vamos a hablar español! • Hola - hello • Adíos- goodbye • Buenos días/tardes/noches – good morning/afternoon/evening • ¿Cómo estas?- how are you • Muy bien- very well • Gracias- thank you • De nada- you’re welcome

48. Surnames • As in other Latin American countries, it is customary to give a child the family names of both the father and the mother, although the father's name is the official name. The first name is the paternal surname; the second is the maternal surname. The child may be addressed either way, using both names, or by using only the father's name.  • The mother, who retains her maiden name, in addition to her husband's name, is also known officially by both names, although she may occasionally prefer to use only her husband's name.  • This habit of using two surnames can be confusing to a foreigner and will occasionally, when filling out official forms, require you to explain that you use only one surname.  http://www.sanmarcoschurch.cl/fr_culture.html

49. Lesson ideas • Students write names of male and female celebrities on a slip of paper to put into a hat. Students pull from the hat to discover what their Chilean name would be if these celebrities were their parents. • Dance The Cueca! • Play a traditional Chilean game. Students brainstorm some traditional American childhood games and songs. • Take a virtual trip- create a passport or travel brochure, board the “plane” and visit Chile! • Clothing reversal- using magazines, pack a suitcase on one side with weather and season appropriate clothing to wear here in Memphis and when arriving to Chile.

50. Research the Festival de Viña del Mar. Convert ticket prices from Chile peso to US dollars. Write a letter to your mom explaining why she should allow you to go to the concert. • Locate a Hispanic newspaper and highlight all the cognates. Write a summary of what you think the article is about. • Illustrate some of the literal translations of Chilean idioms. These should be pretty comical! • Demonstrate and video a “cooking show” while making a Chilean recipe.