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HEADACHE

the topic Headache actually the part of somatosensory sensation 11 chapter 49 guyton and hall physiology 14th edition

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HEADACHE

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  1. Somatic Sensations:11. Headache Sensations DR: MUHAMMAD MUQEEM MANGI MBBS. MPhil Associate Professor Physiology SULEMAN ROSHAN MEDICAL COLLEGE, TANDO ADAM

  2. Learning objectives After learning these slides students should be able to understand about the detail of headache Types of headache Types of referred areas of headache

  3. hEADACHE Headaches are a style of ache raised to the surface of the head from deep head structures. Some headaches result from pain stimuli arising inside the cranium, others arising outside the cranium, as from the nasal sinuses.

  4. Headache of Intracranial Origin Pain-Sensitive Areas in the Cranial Vault. 1. The brain themselves are totally insensitive to Pain. 2.Rarely causes Pain on cutting or electrically exciting the sensory areas of the cerebral cortex; it just causes touchy types of paresthesia's on the area of the body represented by the portion of the sensory cortex stimulated. 3.Therefore,most of the pain of headache is not caused by injury within the brain itself.

  5. While, • Tugging ( Pulling or Pushing ) of venous sinuses around the brain, Damaging the tentorium, • Stretching the dura at the base of brain, can cause intense headache. • Brain operations carefully attempting in any type of crushing traumatized injuries which causes headache. • Neurosurgeons are alert more , when middle meningeal artery will be damaged due to any reason , specially when using local anesthesia

  6. Areas of the Head to Which Intracranial Headache Is Referred The cerebral vault including the upper surface of the tentorium itself, The cerebral portion of the Vth nerve and, therefore, causes referred headache to the front half of the head in the surface areas supplied by this somatosensory portion of the fifth cranial nerve,

  7. Areas of the Head to Which Intracranial Headache Is Referred. (continue) Conversely, pain impulses from beneath the tentorium enter the central nervous system mainly through the glossopharyngeal, vagal, and second cervical nerves, which also supply the scalp above, behind, and slightly below the ear. Subtentorial pain stimuli cause “occipital headache” referred to the posterior part of the head.

  8. Headache Areas of the Head to Which Intracranial Headache Is Referred.

  9. Types of Intracranial Headache Headache Caused by Low Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure. Just removing 20ml of fluid from the spinal canal, particularly if the person remains in an upright position, often causes intense intracranial headache. Due to reducing the flotation of the brain that is normally provided by the cerebrospinal fluid. The weight of the brain stretches and otherwise distorts the various dural surfaces and thereby elicits the pain that causes the headache.

  10. Types of Intracranial Headache (continue) Headache of Meningitis. The most severe type of headaches of all is inflammation of Meninges, due to any reason may be including the sensitive areas of the dura and the sensitive areas around the venous sinuses. Any such damage of Meninges known as Meningitis can cause extreme headache, pain referred in entire head.

  11. Migraine Headache. Migraine headache is a special type of headache that may result from abnormal vascular phenomena. Migraine headaches often begin with various prodromal sensations, such as 1.Nausea, 2.Loss of vision in part of the field of vision, 3.Visual aura, 4.and other types of sensory hallucinations.

  12. Migraine Headache. The symptoms begin 30 minutes to1hour before the beginning of the headache. Any theory that explains migraine headache must also explain the prodromal symptoms.

  13. One theory The migraine headaches is due to prolonged emotion or tension causes (1.) ischemia, something happens to the vascular walls perhaps (2.) exhaustion of smooth muscle contraction to allow the blood vessels to become (3.) flaccid and incapable of maintaining normal (4.) vascular tone for 24 to 48 hours.

  14. The blood pressure in the vessels causes them to dilate and pulsate intensely, and the excessive stretching of the walls of the arteries—including some extracranial arteries, as the temporal artery—causes the actual pain of migraine headaches. Other theories of the cause of migraine headaches Include: Spreading cortical depression, Psychological abnormalities.

  15. Increase local potassium in the cerebral extracellular fluid may cause vasospasm . A positive family history for migraine genetic predisposition headaches reported in 65 to 90% of cases. Migraine headaches also occur about twice as frequently in women as in men

  16. Alcoholic Headache.. Many people have practiced, a headache often follows excessive alcohol consumption. because it is toxic to tissues, directly irritates the meninges and causes the intracranial pain. Dehydrationmay also play a role in the “hang over”that follows an alcoholic binge; hydration usually attenuates but does not abolish headache and other symptoms of hangover.

  17. Extracranial Types of Headache Headache Resulting 1.From Muscle Spasm. 2.Emotional Tension 3.Intracranial lesions 4.Nasal and Accessory Nasal Structures. Headache Caused by Eye Disorders. A second type of headache that originates in the eyes occurs when the eyes are exposed to excessive irradiation by light rays, especially ultraviolet light, welder exposing light

  18. ThankYou

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